What is RPC
The RPC (Remote Procedure Call) remote procedure call protocol is a protocol for establishing an appropriate framework. Essentially, it enables a program on one machine to call a subroutine on another without realizing it's remote.
RPC is a software communication protocol that a program can use to request services from a program located on another computer on a network without having to know the details of the network. RPC is used to call other processes on the remote system just like the local system. A procedure call is also sometimes called a function call or a subroutine call
02 RPC framework
RPC itself is a set of protocol specifications. The following frameworks are more popular to implement according to this set of specifications:
grpc framework
gRPC is a high-performance, general-purpose open source RPC framework developed by Google. It is mainly designed for mobile application development and based on the HTTP/2 protocol standard, and supports most popular programming languages. gRPC is based on HTTP/2 protocol transmission
dubbo framework
Dubbo is a high-performance and excellent service framework open sourced by Alibaba, which enables applications to realize the output and input functions of services through high-performance RPC, and can be seamlessly integrated with the Spring framework.
Dubbo is a high-performance, lightweight open source Java RPC framework, which provides three core capabilities:
① Interface-oriented remote method invocation
② Intelligent fault tolerance and load balancing
③ Service automatic registration and discovery
thrift framework
Thrift is an interface description language and binary communication protocol. Originally developed by Facebook in 2007, it was officially submitted to the Apache Foundation for hosting in 2008 and became an open source project under Apache.
Thrift is an RPC communication framework designed with a custom binary communication protocol. Compared with the traditional HTTP protocol, it is more efficient and takes up less bandwidth for transmission. Also, Thrift is cross-language
Hetty frame
Hetty is a high-performance RPC framework built on the basis of Netty and Hessian
Hessian is an RPC framework based on the HTTP protocol, which uses the binary RPC protocol, which is very lightweight and fast.
Netty is an event-driven NIO framework for rapid development of high-performance, high-reliability web server and client programs. The Hetty client is completely implemented by Hessian, but the server is re-implemented using Netty
03 Interface test based on grpc framework service
01 Create a grpc service interface
Note that your grpc service in the company may not be implemented using python. In order to test the grpc interface in class, we use python to create the grpc service interface first.
Install dependent libraries
Create grpc interface protocol document
Create a grpc_study package under the project, create an add.proto file under the package, and copy the following content into it
generate service code
Under the terminal, enter the directory where the proto file is located, and execute the following command:
create server
02 Call the grpc interface client
The following code is to call the grpc interface in the first step
03 Adapt grpc encapsulation in the interface framework
1. Encapsulate the underlying channel initialization
Create grpc.yml in the config directory, and write the address of the grpc interface in it:
Add the following code to the client in the common directory:
Add the following code in conftes.py:
2. Encapsulate the grpc interface call
Create a grpcapi package under the api package, copy the definition proto file of grpc into it, and then enter the grpcapi directory under the terminal to execute the following command
The files in this directory are as follows:
Modify the import in add_pb2_grpc.py as follows:
Encapsulate the interface call according to the above code, create an api_client.py, and write the following code to call the add interface provided by grpc
3. Write grpc interface test cases
Create a grpcapi package under the testcases package, create a test_grpc_api.py, and write a test case for the add interface as follows:
Execute the test
04 Interface test based on dubbo framework service
dubbo service management address:
http://...:**/dubbo-admin-2.6.0
Username and password are both root
01 Dubbo service management is easy to use
First set to Chinese, select the language on the right
Choose Service Governance - Service
Click to open MarketService, then click ip and port, open as follows:
02 Actual interface description
In the first step, we saw two interfaces, exchange and lottery. The following is the business description of these two interfaces
exchange
The business is point exchange. The parameter of this interface is an object. The object type corresponds to a certain class cn.testfan.dubbo.model.ExchangeRequest in the background java code. The properties corresponding to this class object are as follows. These properties are actually our parameters.
lottery
The business is a lottery. There are two parameters, both of which are numbers. There is no parameter name. In order, the first one represents the participating activity id, and the second one represents the user id.
03 Python calls dubbo interface
Install third-party libraries
dubbo interface call
04 Adapt the dubbo package in the interface framework
1. Encapsulate the underlying dubbo initialization
Create a dubbo.yml file in the config directory and write the following content
Add the following code in client.py
2. Encapsulate the api layer
The dubbo interface is usually divided according to the service. There are multiple interfaces under one service, and an object is created for the service, and then each interface is called.
Create a dubboapi package under the api package, create a market_api.py file for the market service, and write the following code:
3. Test case layer
Create the dubboapi package under the testcases package, create test_market_service.py under it, and write the following code
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