background:
The content of this article is the mobile phone App developed for the single-chip bluetooth module (HC-42). Before that, I would like to declare that the "Bluetooth connection method between mobile phones" is different from the "Bluetooth connection method between mobile phones and HC". The reason is that the mobile phone is equipped with a "classic Bluetooth" module, HC and other Bluetooth It belongs to the "Bluetooth Low Energy" module. (If you want to know the difference between the two, I suggest you read other friends' articles). I just want to briefly say that the two are completely different in terms of function code implementation. Yes. This explains that the software made by some friends can be paired and connected with mobile phones, tablets and other devices, but it has been failing to pair with HC Bluetooth.
Foreword:
The content of this article only talks about how to realize the pairing of mobile phone and HC Bluetooth. If you want to know the "classic Bluetooth" communication method between mobile phone and mobile phone, mobile phone and tablet, you can read my previous blog post. This blog post is about how to make A chat software based on bluetooth communication (similar to WeChat function), is also a very interesting project ( Android Studio makes bluetooth chat communication software )
Introduction to the content of this article:
Make a mobile phone APP, wirelessly connect the HC Bluetooth module, and send the mobile phone data to the HC, so as to control the STM32. There will be resource sharing at the end of the article.
Simple communication schematic diagram:
How to make such an App?
First look at the renderings:
1. Design and implementation of the software UI interface
You can read this blog post on the implementation of software UI interface design . After implementing the interface design, complete the next function code implementation.
Second, the realization of the function code.
1. Add dependencies in AndroidManifest.xml:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"2. Create a new file BlueToothController.java, the complete code and its analysis are as follows:
package BluetoothPackage;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCallback;
import android.bluetooth.le.BluetoothLeScanner;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by WYB on 2023/4/28.
*/
public class BluetoothController {
private BluetoothAdapter mAdapter;//本手机的蓝牙适配器
private BluetoothLeScanner mLeScanner;//本手机蓝牙适配器上的扫描硬件
private Activity mActivity;
public static final int REQUEST_CODE_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH = 0;
public BluetoothController(Activity activity){
mAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();//获取本机蓝牙适配器
mLeScanner = mAdapter.getBluetoothLeScanner();//获取本机蓝牙扫描器
mActivity = activity;
}
public BluetoothAdapter getAdapter() {
return mAdapter;
}
public BluetoothLeScanner getmLeScanner(){
return mLeScanner;
}
/*
打开蓝牙设备
*/
public void turnOnBlueTooth(){
Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
mActivity.startActivityForResult(intent,REQUEST_CODE_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH);
}
/*
关闭蓝牙设备
*/
public void turnOffBlueTooth(){
mAdapter.disable();
}
/**
* 打开蓝牙可见性，让别的设备发现我
*/
public void enableVisibily(Context context){
Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
intent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION,300);
context.startActivity(intent);
}
/*
查找未绑定的蓝牙设备
*/
public void findDevice(){
assert (mAdapter!=null);
mAdapter.startDiscovery();
}
/*
查看已绑定的蓝牙设备
*/
public List<BluetoothDevice> getBondedDeviceList(){
return new ArrayList<>(mAdapter.getBondedDevices());
}
/*
开启扫描
*/
public void scanBlueTooth(ScanCallback scanCallback){
mLeScanner.startScan(scanCallback);
}
/*
关闭扫描
*/
public void stopBlueTooth(ScanCallback scanCallback){
mLeScanner.stopScan(scanCallback);
}
/*
连接设备
*/
public BluetoothGatt connectBlueTooth(BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice, boolean autoConnect, BluetoothGattCallback gattCallback){
return bluetoothDevice.connectGatt(this.mActivity,autoConnect,gattCallback);
}
}3. MainActivity.java, the complete code and its analysis are as follows:
package com.example.wyb.bluetoothchatui;
import android.Manifest;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanResult;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import BluetoothPackage.BluetoothController;
import MyClass.DeviceAdapter;
import MyClass.DeviceClass;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private DeviceAdapter mAdapter1,mAdapter2;
private List<DeviceClass> mbondDeviceList = new ArrayList<>();//搜索到的所有已绑定设备保存为列表（仅保留名称与地址）
private List<DeviceClass> mfindDeviceList = new ArrayList<>();//搜索到的所有未绑定设备保存为列表（仅保留名称与地址）
private List<BluetoothDevice> bondDevices = new ArrayList<>();//搜索到的所有的已绑定设备
private List<BluetoothDevice> findDevices = new ArrayList<>();//搜索到的所有的未绑定设备
private BluetoothController mbluetoothController;
private Toast mToast;
private mScanCallBack myScanCallBack;
private static final int PERMISSION_REQUEST_COARSE_LOCATION=1;
private Button findBtn;
private Handler mHandler = new Handler();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mbluetoothController = new BluetoothController(this);
Init_listView();//初始化设备列表
findBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
Init_Bluetooth();//开启蓝牙相关权限
}
//扫描蓝牙功能的实现
private class mScanCallBack extends ScanCallback{
@Override
public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result){
super.onScanResult(callbackType,result);
if(!findDevices.contains(result.getDevice()))
{
mfindDeviceList.add(new DeviceClass(result.getDevice().getName(),result.getDevice().getAddress()));
findDevices.add(result.getDevice());
mAdapter2.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
}
@Override
public void onBatchScanResults(List<ScanResult> results){
super.onBatchScanResults(results);
}
@Override
public void onScanFailed(int errorCode){
super.onScanFailed(errorCode);
}
}
//初始化蓝牙权限
private void Init_Bluetooth(){
myScanCallBack = new mScanCallBack();
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
if (this.checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, PERMISSION_REQUEST_COARSE_LOCATION);
}
}
mbluetoothController.turnOnBlueTooth();
}
//初始化列表，适配器的加载
public void Init_listView(){
mAdapter1 = new DeviceAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.device_item, mbondDeviceList);
ListView listView1 = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.listview1);
listView1.setAdapter(mAdapter1);
mAdapter1.notifyDataSetChanged();
mAdapter2 = new DeviceAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.device_item, mfindDeviceList);
ListView listView2 = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.listview2);
listView2.setAdapter(mAdapter2);
mAdapter2.notifyDataSetChanged();
listView2.setOnItemClickListener(toBondDevices);//点击设备，进行绑定
}
//点击开始查找蓝牙设备
public View findDevice(View view){
//先执行其他代码，8s后执行run()里面的代码
mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
change_Button_Text("搜索设备","ENABLE");
mbluetoothController.stopBlueTooth(myScanCallBack);
}
}, 8000);
change_Button_Text("搜索中...","DISABLE");
mbluetoothController.scanBlueTooth(myScanCallBack);Log.e("提示","---------->findDevice");
return view;
}
//点击按键搜索后按键的变化
private void change_Button_Text(String text,String state){
if("ENABLE".equals(state)){
findBtn.setEnabled(true);
findBtn.getBackground().setAlpha(255); //0~255 之间任意调整
findBtn.setTextColor(ContextCompat.getColor(this, R.color.black));
}
else {
findBtn.setEnabled(false);
findBtn.getBackground().setAlpha(150); //0~255 之间任意调整
findBtn.setTextColor(ContextCompat.getColor(this, R.color.colorAccent));
}
findBtn.setText(text);
}
//点击设备后执行的函数，跳转到第二个操作界面，并将选中的蓝牙设备信息传递过去
private AdapterView.OnItemClickListener toBondDevices =new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener(){
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int i, long l){
mbluetoothController.stopBlueTooth(myScanCallBack);
BluetoothDevice device = findDevices.get(i);
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,Main2Activity.class);
intent.putExtra("device",device);
startActivity(intent);
}
};
//设置toast的标准格式
private void showToast(String text){
if(mToast == null){
mToast = Toast.makeText(this, text,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
mToast.show();
}
else {
mToast.setText(text);
mToast.show();
}
}
}4. MainActivity2.java, the complete code and its analysis are as follows:
package com.example.wyb.bluetoothchatui;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCallback;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.util.List;
import BluetoothPackage.BluetoothController;
public class Main2Activity extends AppCompatActivity {
private BluetoothDevice Device;
private TextView textView;
private EditText editText;
private mGattCallback myGattCallBack;
private BluetoothGatt mybluetoothGatt;
private BluetoothController mbluetoothController;
private String SERVICE_EIGENVALUE_SED = "0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb";
private android.os.Handler mytimeHandler = new android.os.Handler();
private BluetoothGattCharacteristic mneedGattCharacteristic;
private TextView deviceState;
private TextView appname;
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
//返回第一个界面时取消蓝牙配对
mybluetoothGatt.disconnect();
super.onDestroy();
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);
Intent intent = getIntent();
Device = intent.getParcelableExtra("device");
textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1);
editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.input_text);
deviceState = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.device_state);
appname = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.AppName);
appname.setText("");
deviceState.setText("Device："+Device.getName()+"(未连接)");
mbluetoothController = new BluetoothController(this);
myGattCallBack = new mGattCallback();
mybluetoothGatt = mbluetoothController.connectBlueTooth(Device,false,myGattCallBack);
}
//蓝牙绑定功能的实现
private class mGattCallback extends BluetoothGattCallback {
@Override
public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt,int status,int newState){
Log.e("提示","蓝牙连接成功");
super.onConnectionStateChange(gatt,status,newState);
mytimeHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run(){
mybluetoothGatt.discoverServices();
deviceState.setText("Device："+Device.getName()+"(已连接)");
}
},1000);
}
@Override
public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt,int status){
List<BluetoothGattService> services = mybluetoothGatt.getServices();
for(int i=0;i<services.size();i++){
Log.e("提示","第"+i+"个"+services.get(i));
List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> characteristics = services.get(i).getCharacteristics();
for (int j=0;j<characteristics.size();j++){
Log.e("提示","第"+i+"个服务，第"+j+"个特征值"+characteristics.get(j));
if(characteristics.get(j).getUuid().toString().equals(SERVICE_EIGENVALUE_SED)){
Log.e("提示","我找到我需要的特征了");
mneedGattCharacteristic = characteristics.get(j);
mybluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(mneedGattCharacteristic,true);
}
}
}
super.onServicesDiscovered(gatt,status);
Log.e("提示","onServicesDiscovered");
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,int status){
super.onCharacteristicRead(gatt,characteristic,status);
Log.e("提示","onCharacteristicRead");
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt,BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic){
super.onCharacteristicChanged(gatt,characteristic);
Log.e("提示","onCharacteristicChanged");
}
}
//发送信息的实现
public void sendData(BluetoothGatt bluetoothGatt,BluetoothGattCharacteristic bluetoothGattCharacteristic,String text){
bluetoothGattCharacteristic.setValue(text);
bluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(bluetoothGattCharacteristic);
}
//处理要发送的信息，并更新界面内容
public View sendMessage(View view){
sendData(mybluetoothGatt,mneedGattCharacteristic,editText.getText().toString());
textView.setText(textView.getText().toString()+editText.getText().toString());
editText.getText().clear();
return view;
}
}3. The final sharing of this project
Link: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1rX6GbTvHRU3Mb18tgwEjHg Extraction code: td1d
Fourth, the following
So now you have completed the production of this project. The production of this software is actually not as difficult as imagined. As for the programming tutorial on STM32, you can see the previous blog post: Connection and communication between Bluetooth (HC) and STM32 (on the mobile terminal Control the STM32 board light via Bluetooth)