What knowledge do you need to learn for office automation with Python

   Python office automation is nothing more than excel , ppt , word , plus data analysis, crawlers and other skills

Let me introduce the basic use of each skill one by one.

basic knowledge

Basic knowledge of Python : including grammar, variables, data types, conditional statements, loop statements, functions and other basic concepts and usage.

# 举例，Python中的条件语句示例代码：

if score >= 90:

    print("优秀")

elif score >= 80:

    print("良好")

elif score >= 70:

    print("中等")

elif score >= 60:

    print("及格")

else:

    print("不及格")

Python 's built-in modules: Python comes with many commonly used built-in modules, such as os , shutil , datetime , time, etc., which are used for file operations, time and date processing and other tasks.

# 举例，使用os模块创建一个文件夹的示例代码：

import os



dir_name = 'new_folder'

if not os.path.exists(dir_name):

    os.makedirs(dir_name)

Use of third-party libraries: Python has a large number of third-party libraries available, such as Pandas , NumPy , Openpyxl , etc. These libraries can greatly simplify tasks such as data processing and Excel operations.

# 举例，使用Openpyxl库读取Excel文件并获取单元格数据的示例代码：

from openpyxl import load_workbook



wb = load_workbook('example.xlsx')

ws = wb.active



print(ws['A1'].value)

Interface calls: Many office software and cloud services provide API interfaces, which can be automated by writing codes in Python .

# 举例，使用百度翻译API进行文本翻译的示例代码：

import requests

import json



url = 'http://api.fanyi.baidu.com/api/trans/vip/translate'

params = {

    'q': 'hello',

    'from': 'en',

    'to': 'zh',

    'appid': 'your_appid',

    'salt': 'your_salt',

    'sign': 'your_sign'

}

response = requests.get(url, params=params)

result = json.loads(response.text)

print(result['trans_result'][0]['dst'])

GUI programming: use GUI libraries to create simple graphical interfaces, such as tkinter , wxPython , etc.

# 举例，使用tkinter库制作一个简单的窗口的示例代码：

import tkinter as tk



window = tk.Tk()

window.title('My Window')

window.geometry('200x100')

tk.Label(window, text='Hello World').pack()

window.mainloop()

Specialized knowledge

Excel automation

It is necessary to master the use of libraries such as xlwings and openpyxl , which can realize automatic operations such as reading, writing, format adjustment, and chart generation of Excel tables. The following is a sample code for writing data to an Excel table using the xlwings library:

import xlwings as xw



# 打开Excel应用程序

app = xw.App(visible=False, add_book=False)

# 打开Excel工作簿

wb = xw.Book('test.xlsx')

# 选择要操作的工作表

sheet = wb.sheets['Sheet1']

# 写入数据

sheet.range('A1').value = 'Hello, world!'

# 关闭工作簿和Excel应用程序

wb.save()

wb.close()

app.quit()

PPT automation

It is necessary to master the use of libraries such as python-pptx , which can realize automatic operations such as reading, modifying, inserting, and deleting PPT slides. The following is a sample code for inserting pictures into PPT slides using the python-pptx library :

from pptx import Presentation

from pptx.util import Inches



# 打开PPT文件

prs = Presentation('test.pptx')

# 获取要插入图片的幻灯片

slide = prs.slides[0]

# 插入图片

pic = slide.shapes.add_picture('test.jpg', Inches(1), Inches(1))

# 保存修改后的PPT文件

prs.save('test.pptx')

Word automation

It is necessary to master the use of libraries such as python-docx , which can realize automatic operations such as reading, modifying, inserting, and deleting Word documents. The following is a sample code to insert a table in a Word document using the python-docx library:

from docx import Document

from docx.shared import Inches



# 打开Word文档

doc = Document('test.docx')

# 获取要插入表格的段落

para = doc.add_paragraph()

# 插入表格

table = para.add_table(rows=3, cols=3)

# 修改表格内容

table.cell(0, 0).text = 'Name'

table.cell(0, 1).text = 'Age'

table.cell(1, 0).text = 'Tom'

table.cell(1, 1).text = '18'

# 保存修改后的Word文档

doc.save('test.docx')

email automation

It is necessary to master the use of libraries such as smtplib , which can realize operations such as automatic sending, receiving, and adding attachments to emails. The following is a sample code for sending emails using the smtplib library:

import smtplib

from email.mime.text import MIMEText



# 发件人邮箱

sender = '[email protected]'

# 收件人邮箱

receiver = '[email protected]'

# 邮件内容

msg = MIMEText('Hello, world!')

msg['Subject'] = 'Python自动化发送邮件'

msg['From'] = sender

msg['To'] = receiver



# 发送邮件

smtp = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.example.com')

smtp.login(sender, 'password')

smtp.sendmail(sender, [receiver], msg.as_string())

smtp.quit()

file processing

Python 's shutil module and os module can be used for operations such as copying, moving, deleting, and creating files and directories, which can greatly simplify the process of file processing. Here is a sample code for moving files:

import shutil



src_file = 'path/to/src/file.txt'

dst_dir = 'path/to/dst/'

shutil.move(src_file, dst_dir)

data analysis

Commonly used data analysis libraries for Python include pandas , numpy , matplotlib, etc., which can perform data cleaning, data analysis, and data visualization. The following is a sample code that reads a csv file and performs simple data analysis:

import pandas as pd

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt



# 读取csv文件

df = pd.read_csv('path/to/data.csv')



# 数据清洗

df = df.dropna()



# 数据分析

avg_value = df['value'].mean()



# 数据可视化

plt.plot(df['date'], df['value'])

plt.show()

爬虫

Python 's requests library and BeautifulSoup library can be used for web crawlers, which can crawl data on web pages and perform further processing. The following is a sample code for crawling Top250 Douban movies:

import requests

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup



url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250'

headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}

 

# 发送请求

response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

 

# 解析HTML

soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')

 

# 获取电影名称和评分

movies = soup.find_all('div', class_='info')

for movie in movies:

    name = movie.find('span', class_='title').get_text()

    score = movie.find('span', class_='rating_num').get_text()

    print(name, score)

To sum up, if you want to use Python for office automation, you need to master the basics of Python , the use of built-in modules and third-party libraries, interface calls, and GUI programming skills.

At the same time, it is also necessary to learn corresponding knowledge and skills according to actual needs, including not limited to dealing with Excel , PPT , Word , etc. Of course, it is also an important and commonly used skill for data analysis and crawler capabilities!

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