Appium element positioning and manipulation

Coordinate description on mobile phone

The mobile phone is 0 from the upper left corner, the horizontal axis is the x axis, and the vertical axis is the y axis

  

定位
基本定位
python新版本不支持此写法
driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id() 对应 content-desc
driver.find_element_by_id() 对应 resource-id
driver.find_element_by_name() 对应 text
driver.find_element_by_xpath() 对应 xpath

By 定位
python新版本支持此写法
driver.find_element(AppiumBy.ID,"resource-id")
driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH,"xpath")
driver.find_element(AppiumBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID,"content-desc")
driver.find_element(AppiumBy.NAME,"text")
Xpath定位
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@text=' 扫一扫 ']")
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@resource-id='com.taobao.taobao:id/tv_scan_text']")
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@content-desc=' 帮助 ']")
driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.taobao.taobao:id/tv_scan_text'' and @text=' 你好']")
driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH,"//*[Contains(@text, 'hello')]")
交互
元素交互方法

点击方法：element.click()
输入操作：element.send_keys(“tong”)
设置元素的值：element.set_value(“tongtong”)
清除操作：element.clear()
是否可见：element.is_displayed 返回 true or false
是否可用：element.enabled() 返回 true or false
是否被选中：element.is_selected() 返回 true or false
获取属性值：element.get_attribute(name)
元素属性

获取元素文本：element.text
获取元素坐标：element.location，结果：
获取元素尺寸（高和宽）：element.size，结果：

# set wait time

WebDriverWait(driver, 60).until(
    lambda x: x.find_element(By.ID, "com.ss.android.ugc.aweme:id/h1a"))


WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
    lambda x: x.find_element(AppiumBy.ANDROID_UIAUTOMATOR, 'new UiSelector().text("开始练习")'))

# locate element by id

driver.find_element(By.ID, "00000000-0000-08b5-ffff-ffff000000a6")
# 点击操作
driver.find_element(By.ID, et_search).click()
# 输入文字
driver.find_element(By.ID, et_search).send_keys("易知课堂")

# id定位放大器，并点击图标
driver.find_element(by=By.ID,value="com.android.settings:id/search").click()
sleep(1)
# 使用class定位，输入hello
driver.find_element(by=By.CLASS_NAME,value="android.widget.EditText").send_keys('hello')
sleep(1)
# 使用xpath定位返会按钮，并点击
driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value="//*[@class='android.widget.ImageButton']").click()
sleep(1)

 # Position elements according to AppiumBy.ANDROID_UIAUTOMATOR

Android UiAutomator positioning skills
UiAutomator is a test framework that comes with the Android SDK. This test framework provides a series of APIs that can interact with the Android APP, such as opening the menu, clicking, sliding, etc. When Appium's Caps parameter uiautomationName is set to UiAutomator2, it can communicate with UiAutomator on the mobile phone and use UiAutomator to execute the test code. If not set, the default is to use UiAutomator2 working engine. UiAutomator1 is an older working engine. If you want to test an older version of the Android system (below Android4.4), you need to set uiautomationName="UiAutomator1".

Since Android UiAutomator is a built-in working engine in Android SDK, using this positioning method is much faster than XPath positioning method. However, due to the special way of writing, it is relatively troublesome to debug. If the positioning statement is not written properly, the script editor will not give any prompt information. It can only be verified at runtime.

driver.find_element(AppiumBy.ANDROID_UIAUTOMATOR, 'new UiSelector().text("搜索")')

uiautomator定位
优点：uiautomator是Android工作引擎，速度快
缺点：书写复杂，容易出错
driver.find_element(AppiumBy.ANDROID_UIAUTOMATOR, 表达式)
表达式如下
newUiSelector().resourceId('id')
newUiSelector().className('clasename')
newUiSelector().description('content-desc')
newUiSelector().text('text')
newUiSelector().textContains('text')
newUiSelector().textStartWith('text')
newUiSelector().textMatches('正则表达式')
组合定位
newUiSelector().resourceId('id').text('text')
newUiSelector().className('clasename').text('text')
父子关系 childSelector
newUiSelector().resourceId('id').childSelector(text("text"))
兄弟关系 fromParent
newUiSelector().resourceId('id').fromParent(text("text"))
滚动查找元素
driver.find_element_by_android_uiautomator('new UiScrollable(new UiSelector().scrollable(true).instance(0)).scrllIntoView(new UiSelector().text("文本").instance(0));')

# locate elements according to xpath

driver.find_element(By.XPATH, num2)

 xpath fuzzy positioning uses contains

driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//*[contains(@content-desc, "学车")]')

 

 

 Locating sibling elements by element

# 定位第1个兄弟元素
element1 = '//android.view.View[@content-desc="设置"]/preceding-sibling::android.view.View[1]'
# 定位第2个兄弟元素
element2 = '//android.view.View[@content-desc="设置"]/preceding-sibling::android.view.View[2]'

element1 = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
    lambda x: x.find_element(By.XPATH, element1))
# 总页数
content_desc_element1 = element1.get_attribute("content-desc")

element2 = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
            lambda x: x.find_element(By.XPATH, element2))

 brother element positioning

 following-sibling:: 

android.view.View[1] is the first younger brother element relative to "Health Self-Test Record", as shown in [1]

"//android.view.View[@content-desc='健康自测记录']/following-sibling::android.view.View[1]"

 Because of the By package upgrade, the old method is not available, such as the following code

driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id("content-desc属性值")
#python 版本不同，不兼容这种方法

 Using this method to call elements, you can run

#使用这种方法去调用元素，可以运行
driver.find_element(AppiumBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID,value='搜索设置')

 # slide

def target_click(driver, x1, y1):  # x1,y1为你编写脚本时适用设备的实际坐标
    x_1 = x1 / 1440  # 计算坐标在横坐标上的比例
    y_1 = y1 / 2723  # 计算坐标在纵坐标上的比例
    x = driver.get_window_size()['width']  # 获取设备的屏幕宽度
    y = driver.get_window_size()['height']  # 获取设备屏幕的高度
    driver.tap([(x_1 * x, y_1 * y)])  # 模拟单手点击操作


# 获得机器屏幕大小x,y
def getSize(dr):
    x = dr.get_window_size()['width']
    y = dr.get_window_size()['height']
    return (x, y)


# 屏幕向上滑动
def swipeUp(t, dr):
    l = getSize(dr)
    x1 = int(l[0] * 0.5)  # x坐标
    y1 = int(l[1] * 0.75)  # 起始y坐标
    y2 = int(l[1] * 0.25)  # 终点y坐标
    dr.swipe(x1, y1, x1, y2, t)


# 屏幕向下滑动
def swipeDown(t,dr):
    l = getSize(dr)
    x1 = int(l[0] * 0.5)  # x坐标
    y1 = int(l[1] * 0.25)  # 起始y坐标
    y2 = int(l[1] * 0.75)  # 终点y坐标
    dr.swipe(x1, y1, x1, y2, t)


# 屏幕向左滑动
def swipLeft(t,dr):
    l = getSize(dr)
    x1 = int(l[0] * 0.75)
    y1 = int(l[1] * 0.5)
    x2 = int(l[0] * 0.05)
    dr.swipe(x1, y1, x2, y1, t)


# 屏幕向右滑动
def swipRight(t, dr):
    l = getSize(dr)
    x1 = int(l[0] * 0.05)
    y1 = int(l[1] * 0.5)
    x2 = int(l[0] * 0.75)
    dr.swipe(x1, y1, x2, y1, t)


# # 调用向左滑动
# swipLeft(1000)
# sleep(3)
# # 调用向右滑动
# swipRight(1000)
# # 调用向上滑动
# swipeUp(1000)
# # 调用向下滑动
# swipeDown(1000)

#drag

mask="com.runbey.ybjkwyc:id/mask"
# 收藏
collect="com.runbey.ybjkwyc:id/tv_collect"
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
    lambda x: x.find_element(By.ID, mask))
mask = driver.find_element(By.ID, mask)
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
    lambda x: x.find_element(By.ID, collect))
collect = driver.find_element(By.ID, collect)
# 把mask元素拖动到collect
driver.drag_and_drop(mask, collect)

import os
from time import sleep
 
from appium import webdriver
# 导个AppiumBy包
from appium.webdriver.common.appiumby import AppiumBy
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
 
# 定义字典变量
desired_caps = {}
# 字典追加启动参
desired_caps["platformName"] = "Android"
desired_caps["platformVersion"] = "7.1.2"
desired_caps["deviceName"] = "192.168.56.101:5555"
desired_caps["appPackage"] = "com.android.settings"
desired_caps["appActivity"] = ".Settings"
# 设置中文
desired_caps["unicodeKeyboard"] = True
desired_caps["resetKeyboard"] = True
# 获取driver
driver = webdriver.Remote("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub", desired_caps)
"""
上面的代码不过多说明，
基本启动appium的代码
我这里使用的是雷电模拟器+appium+python代码方式
"""
sleep(1)
# id定位放大器，并点击图标
driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="com.android.settings:id/search").click()
sleep(1)
# 使用class定位，输入hello
driver.find_element(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value="android.widget.EditText").send_keys('hello')
sleep(1)
# 使用xpath定位返会按钮，并点击
driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value="//*[@class='android.widget.ImageButton']").click()
sleep(1)
# 使用name定位，点击放大镜按钮
# 我在这里发现了问题!!!!------>by_accessibility_id方法不可用！
 
# driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id("content-desc属性值")#  ----->跑不通
# driver.find_element(by=By.accessibility_id,value="content-desc属性值")#  ----->跑不通
# driver.find_element("accessibility","content-desc属性值").click()#  ----->跑不通
# 正确的输入方法如下所示！！！
 
 
print(f"方便看能否运行，我打印了这行字...")
driver.find_element(AppiumBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, value='搜索设置')
print(f"ok调试结束，方法成功....")
sleep(3)
driver.quit()