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Table of contents
foreword
Snake is a classic stand-alone game that first came out in 1976 and was created by a Russian programmer. The main setting of the game is to control a snake to move on a map and eat food constantly. Every time a piece of food is eaten, the snake's body will increase by one section. The game will become more and more difficult as time goes by. Players need to constantly adjust their operation methods and ideas in order to survive longer in the game and even create high score records.
In the game, the snake can control the direction of movement through the keyboard or joystick. Various candies or other foods will appear on the map. When the snake eats these foods, it also needs to avoid touching its own body or hitting the walls in the map, otherwise the game will end.
Snake has also become one of the essential elements of many game companies and even platforms, and it can be found in many mobile games and puzzle games. It is not only a classic stand-alone game, but also a fond memory of people's childhood or youth.
This article mainly uses the PyGame module
PyGame module
Pygame is a 2D game development library packaged for Python programmers. It is developed based on the SDL library and makes game development easy. Pygame provides game developers with a set of easy-to-use APIs and tools that make creating games enjoyable and simple. The following are some commonly used modules and functions in Pygame:
- pygame.init(): Initialize the Pygame module.
- pygame.quit(): Close the Pygame module.
- pygame.display.set_mode(): Create a new display window.
- pygame.display.update(): Update the display.
- pygame.time.Clock(): Create a new clock object.
- pygame.time.Clock().tick(): Control the frame rate of the game.
- pygame.event.get(): Get all events that happened in the game.
- pygame.event.get().type: Get the event type.
- pygame.surface.blit(): Draw one surface onto another.
- pygame.image.load(); loads an image file.
In addition to the commonly used modules mentioned above, Pygame also provides many other modules to help game developers build their own games, such as:
- pygame.mouse: Used to get the state of the mouse.
- pygame.font: For using fonts.
- pygame.mixer: For creating and playing sound or audio files.
- pygame.sprite: Used to manage sprites in the game.
- pygame.transform: Used to transform the size, rotation, etc. of an image.
Overall, Pygame is a very practical and easy-to-use game development library that can help developers quickly develop their own 2D games.
Snake source code
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import random
import sys
import time
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from collections import deque
SCREEN_WIDTH = 600 # 屏幕宽度
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 480 # 屏幕高度
SIZE = 20 # 小方格大小
LINE_WIDTH = 1 # 网格线宽度
# 游戏区域的坐标范围
SCOPE_X = (0, SCREEN_WIDTH // SIZE - 1)
SCOPE_Y = (2, SCREEN_HEIGHT // SIZE - 1)
# 食物的分值及颜色
FOOD_STYLE_LIST = [(10, (255, 100, 100)), (20, (100, 255, 100)), (30, (100, 100, 255))]
LIGHT = (100, 100, 100)
DARK = (200, 200, 200) # 蛇的颜色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0) # 网格线颜色
RED = (200, 30, 30) # 红色，GAME OVER 的字体颜色
BGCOLOR = (40, 40, 60) # 背景色
def print_text(screen, font, x, y, text, fcolor=(255, 255, 255)):
imgText = font.render(text, True, fcolor)
screen.blit(imgText, (x, y))
# 初始化蛇
def init_snake():
snake = deque()
snake.append((2, SCOPE_Y[0]))
snake.append((1, SCOPE_Y[0]))
snake.append((0, SCOPE_Y[0]))
return snake
def create_food(snake):
food_x = random.randint(SCOPE_X[0], SCOPE_X[1])
food_y = random.randint(SCOPE_Y[0], SCOPE_Y[1])
while (food_x, food_y) in snake:
# 如果食物出现在蛇身上，则重来
food_x = random.randint(SCOPE_X[0], SCOPE_X[1])
food_y = random.randint(SCOPE_Y[0], SCOPE_Y[1])
return food_x, food_y
def get_food_style():
return FOOD_STYLE_LIST[random.randint(0, 2)]
def main():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')
font1 = pygame.font.SysFont('SimHei', 24) # 得分的字体
font2 = pygame.font.Font(None, 72) # GAME OVER 的字体
fwidth, fheight = font2.size('GAME OVER')
# 如果蛇正在向右移动，那么快速点击向下向左，由于程序刷新没那么快，向下事件会被向左覆盖掉，导致蛇后退，直接GAME OVER
# b 变量就是用于防止这种情况的发生
b = True
# 蛇
snake = init_snake()
# 食物
food = create_food(snake)
food_style = get_food_style()
# 方向
pos = (1, 0)
game_over = True
start = False # 是否开始，当start = True，game_over = True 时，才显示 GAME OVER
score = 0 # 得分
orispeed = 0.5 # 原始速度
speed = orispeed
last_move_time = None
pause = False # 暂停
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
if event.key == K_RETURN:
if game_over:
start = True
game_over = False
b = True
snake = init_snake()
food = create_food(snake)
food_style = get_food_style()
pos = (1, 0)
# 得分
score = 0
last_move_time = time.time()
elif event.key == K_SPACE:
if not game_over:
pause = not pause
elif event.key in (K_w, K_UP):
# 这个判断是为了防止蛇向上移时按了向下键，导致直接 GAME OVER
if b and not pos[1]:
pos = (0, -1)
b = False
elif event.key in (K_s, K_DOWN):
if b and not pos[1]:
pos = (0, 1)
b = False
elif event.key in (K_a, K_LEFT):
if b and not pos[0]:
pos = (-1, 0)
b = False
elif event.key in (K_d, K_RIGHT):
if b and not pos[0]:
pos = (1, 0)
b = False
# 填充背景色
screen.fill(BGCOLOR)
# 画网格线 竖线
for x in range(SIZE, SCREEN_WIDTH, SIZE):
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (x, SCOPE_Y[0] * SIZE), (x, SCREEN_HEIGHT), LINE_WIDTH)
# 画网格线 横线
for y in range(SCOPE_Y[0] * SIZE, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SIZE):
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (0, y), (SCREEN_WIDTH, y), LINE_WIDTH)
if not game_over:
curTime = time.time()
if curTime - last_move_time > speed:
if not pause:
b = True
last_move_time = curTime
next_s = (snake[0][0] + pos[0], snake[0][1] + pos[1])
if next_s == food:
# 吃到了食物
snake.appendleft(next_s)
score += food_style[0]
speed = orispeed - 0.03 * (score // 100)
food = create_food(snake)
food_style = get_food_style()
else:
if SCOPE_X[0] <= next_s[0] <= SCOPE_X[1] and SCOPE_Y[0] <= next_s[1] <= SCOPE_Y[1] \
and next_s not in snake:
snake.appendleft(next_s)
snake.pop()
else:
game_over = True
# 画食物
if not game_over:
# 避免 GAME OVER 的时候把 GAME OVER 的字给遮住了
pygame.draw.rect(screen, food_style[1], (food[0] * SIZE, food[1] * SIZE, SIZE, SIZE), 0)
# 画蛇
for s in snake:
pygame.draw.rect(screen, DARK, (s[0] * SIZE + LINE_WIDTH, s[1] * SIZE + LINE_WIDTH,
SIZE - LINE_WIDTH * 2, SIZE - LINE_WIDTH * 2), 0)
print_text(screen, font1, 30, 7, f'速度: {score//100}')
print_text(screen, font1, 450, 7, f'得分: {score}')
if game_over:
if start:
print_text(screen, font2, (SCREEN_WIDTH - fwidth) // 2, (SCREEN_HEIGHT - fheight) // 2, 'GAME OVER', RED)
pygame.display.update()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
