Article directory
foreword
The full name of VGA is Video Graphics Array, which is a video graphics array, which is a standard for video transmission using analog signals. Due to design and manufacturing reasons, the early
CRT monitors could only receive analog signal input, so the graphics card inside the computer was responsible for digital-to-analog conversion, and the
VGA interface was the interface for outputting analog signals on the graphics card. Although LCD monitors can receive digital signals directly,
most of them support the VGA standard in order to be compatible with the VGA interface on the graphics card.
environment:
1、Quartus 18.1
2、EP4CE115F29C7
3、vscode
1. VGA interface definition and transmission principle
1. Definition of VGA interface
2. Transmission principle
From the above two figures, we can see that the line synchronization timing and field synchronization timing in the VGA transmission process are very similar. One line or one field (also known as one frame) data is divided into four parts: low-level synchronization pulse, display trailing edge, valid data segment, and display leading edge .
The line synchronization signal HSYNC completes the display of a line of images in a line scanning period, in which the low level is maintained for a period of time in the a section for data
synchronization , and the rest of the time is pulled high; during the effective data period (c section), red, green, and blue One line of image signals are output on the three primary color data channels, and the other time data is invalid
. Similarly, the field synchronization signal completes the display of one frame of image in one field scanning period, the difference is that the basic unit of the line scanning period is the pixel clock, that is, the time required to complete a pixel display; and the field scanning period The basic unit of is the time required to complete one-line image display.
3. Different resolutions correspond to different parameters
Two, Verilog programming
1) Display color stripes on the screen
2) Display custom Chinese characters (name-student number)
3) Output a color image
4) Intentionally add a certain ms delay to the line and field synchronization signals (using the delay command) , and observe what happens.
1. VGA display color stripes
- code:
module vga_dirve (input wire clk, //系统时钟
input wire rst_n, //复位
input wire [ 15:0 ] rgb_data, //16位RGB对应值
output wire vga_clk, //vga时钟 25M
output reg h_sync, //行同步信号
output reg v_sync, //场同步信号
output reg [ 11:0 ] addr_h, //行地址
output reg [ 11:0 ] addr_v, //列地址
output wire [ 4:0 ] rgb_r, //红基色
output wire [ 5:0 ] rgb_g, //绿基色
output wire [ 4:0 ] rgb_b //蓝基色
);
// 640 * 480 60HZ
localparam H_FRONT = 16; // 行同步前沿信号周期长
localparam H_SYNC = 96; // 行同步信号周期长
localparam H_BLACK = 48; // 行同步后沿信号周期长
localparam H_ACT = 640; // 行显示周期长
localparam V_FRONT = 11; // 场同步前沿信号周期长
localparam V_SYNC = 2; // 场同步信号周期长
localparam V_BLACK = 31; // 场同步后沿信号周期长
localparam V_ACT = 480; // 场显示周期长
// 800 * 600 72HZ
// localparam H_FRONT = 40; // 行同步前沿信号周期长
// localparam H_SYNC = 120; // 行同步信号周期长
// localparam H_BLACK = 88; // 行同步后沿信号周期长
// localparam H_ACT = 800; // 行显示周期长
// localparam V_FRONT = 37; // 场同步前沿信号周期长
// localparam V_SYNC = 6; // 场同步信号周期长
// localparam V_BLACK = 23; // 场同步后沿信号周期长
// localparam V_ACT = 600; // 场显示周期长
localparam H_TOTAL = H_FRONT + H_SYNC + H_BLACK + H_ACT; // 行周期
localparam V_TOTAL = V_FRONT + V_SYNC + V_BLACK + V_ACT; // 列周期
reg [ 11:0 ] cnt_h ; // 行计数器
reg [ 11:0 ] cnt_v ; // 场计数器
reg [ 15:0 ] rgb ; // 对应显示颜色值
// 对应计数器开始、结束、计数信号
wire flag_enable_cnt_h ;
wire flag_clear_cnt_h ;
wire flag_enable_cnt_v ;
wire flag_clear_cnt_v ;
wire flag_add_cnt_v ;
wire valid_area ;
// 25M时钟 行周期*场周期*刷新率 = 800 * 525* 60
wire clk_25 ;
// 50M时钟 1040 * 666 * 72
wire clk_50 ;
//PLL
pll pll_inst (
.areset ( ~rst_n ),
.inclk0 ( clk ),
.c0 ( clk_50 ), //50M
.c1 ( clk_25 ) //25M
);
//根据不同分配率选择不同频率时钟
assign vga_clk = clk_25;
// 行计数
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
cnt_h <= 0;
end
else if ( flag_enable_cnt_h ) begin
if ( flag_clear_cnt_h ) begin
cnt_h <= 0;
end
else begin
cnt_h <= cnt_h + 1;
end
end
else begin
cnt_h <= 0;
end
end
assign flag_enable_cnt_h = 1;
assign flag_clear_cnt_h = cnt_h == H_TOTAL - 1;
// 行同步信号
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
h_sync <= 0;
end
else if ( cnt_h == H_SYNC - 1 ) begin // 同步周期时为1
h_sync <= 1;
end
else if ( flag_clear_cnt_h ) begin // 其余为0
h_sync <= 0;
end
else begin
h_sync <= h_sync;
end
end
// 场计数
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
cnt_v <= 0;
end
else if ( flag_enable_cnt_v ) begin
if ( flag_clear_cnt_v ) begin
cnt_v <= 0;
end
else if ( flag_add_cnt_v ) begin
cnt_v <= cnt_v + 1;
end
else begin
cnt_v <= cnt_v;
end
end
else begin
cnt_v <= 0;
end
end
assign flag_enable_cnt_v = flag_enable_cnt_h;
assign flag_clear_cnt_v = cnt_v == V_TOTAL - 1;
assign flag_add_cnt_v = flag_clear_cnt_h;
// 场同步信号
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
v_sync <= 0;
end
else if ( cnt_v == V_SYNC - 1 ) begin
v_sync <= 1;
end
else if ( flag_clear_cnt_v ) begin
v_sync <= 0;
end
else begin
v_sync <= v_sync;
end
end
// 对应有效区域行地址 1-640
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
addr_h <= 0;
end
else if ( valid_area ) begin
addr_h <= cnt_h - H_SYNC - H_BLACK + 1;
end
else begin
addr_h <= 0;
end
end
// 对应有效区域列地址 1-480
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
addr_v <= 0;
end
else if ( valid_area ) begin
addr_v <= cnt_v -V_SYNC - V_BLACK + 1;
end
else begin
addr_v <= 0;
end
end
// 有效显示区域
assign valid_area = cnt_h >= H_SYNC + H_BLACK && cnt_h <= H_SYNC + H_BLACK + H_ACT && cnt_v >= V_SYNC + V_BLACK && cnt_v <= V_SYNC + V_BLACK + V_ACT;
// 显示颜色
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
rgb <= 16'h0;
end
else if ( valid_area ) begin
rgb <= rgb_data;
end
else begin
rgb <= 16'b0;
end
end
assign rgb_r = rgb[ 15:11 ];
assign rgb_g = rgb[ 10:5 ];
assign rgb_b = rgb[ 4:0 ];
endmodule // vga_dirve
- Effect:
2. VGA display characters
- Get the font:
open the font option, select the format:
note that the student number and name here are taken separately:
Note: The Chinese characters here are taken in a 16x16 dot matrix, and the numbers are taken in a 32x16 dot matrix.
- code:
module data_drive (input wire vga_clk,
input wire rst_n,
input wire [ 11:0 ] addr_h,
input wire [ 11:0 ] addr_v,
input wire [ 2:0 ] key,
output reg [ 15:0 ] rgb_data);
localparam red = 16'd63488;
localparam orange = 16'd64384;
localparam yellow = 16'd65472;
localparam green = 16'd1024;
localparam blue = 16'd31;
localparam indigo = 16'd18448;
localparam purple = 16'd32784;
localparam white = 16'd65503;
localparam black = 16'd0;
reg [ 383:0 ] char_line[ 64:0 ];
localparam states_1 = 1; // 彩条
localparam states_2 = 2; // 字符
localparam states_3 = 3; // 图片
parameter height = 78; // 图片高度
parameter width = 128; // 图片宽度
reg [ 1:0 ] states_current ; // 当前状态
reg [ 1:0 ] states_next ; // 下个状态
reg [ 13:0 ] rom_address ; // ROM地址
wire [ 15:0 ] rom_data ; // 图片数据
wire flag_enable_out1 ; // 文字有效区域
wire flag_enable_out2 ; // 图片有效区域
wire flag_clear_rom_address ; // 地址清零
wire flag_begin_h ; // 图片显示行
wire flag_begin_v ; // 图片显示列
//状态转移
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
states_current <= states_1;
end
else begin
states_current <= states_next;
end
end
//状态判断
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
states_next <= states_1;
end
else if ( key[ 0 ] ) begin
states_next <= states_1;
end
else if ( key[ 1 ] ) begin
states_next <= states_2;
end
else if ( key[ 2 ] ) begin
states_next <= states_3;
end
else begin
states_next <= states_next;
end
end
//状态输出
always @( * ) begin
case ( states_current )
states_1 : begin
if ( addr_h == 0 ) begin
rgb_data = black;
end
else if ( addr_h >0 && addr_h <81 ) begin
rgb_data = red;
end
else if ( addr_h >80 && addr_h <161 ) begin
rgb_data = orange;
end
else if ( addr_h >160 && addr_h <241 ) begin
rgb_data = yellow;
end
else if ( addr_h >240 && addr_h <321 ) begin
rgb_data = green;
end
else if ( addr_h >320 && addr_h <401 ) begin
rgb_data = blue;
end
else if ( addr_h >400 && addr_h <481 ) begin
rgb_data = indigo;
end
else if ( addr_h >480 && addr_h <561 ) begin
rgb_data = purple;
end
else if ( addr_h >560 && addr_h <641 ) begin
rgb_data = white;
end
else begin
rgb_data = black;
end
end
states_2 : begin
if ( flag_enable_out1 ) begin
rgb_data = char_line[ addr_v-208 ][ 532 - addr_h ]? white:black;
end
else begin
rgb_data = black;
end
end
states_3 : begin
if ( flag_enable_out2 ) begin
rgb_data = rom_data;
end
else begin
rgb_data = black;
end
end
default: begin
case ( addr_h )
0 : rgb_data = black;
1 : rgb_data = red;
81 : rgb_data = orange;
161: rgb_data = yellow;
241: rgb_data = green;
321: rgb_data = blue;
401: rgb_data = indigo;
481: rgb_data = purple;
561: rgb_data = white;
default: rgb_data = rgb_data;
endcase
end
endcase
end
assign flag_enable_out1 = states_current == states_2 && addr_h > 148 && addr_h < 533 && addr_v > 208 && addr_v < 273 ;
assign flag_begin_h = addr_h > ( ( 640 - width ) / 2 ) && addr_h < ( ( 640 - width ) / 2 ) + width + 1;
assign flag_begin_v = addr_v > ( ( 480 - height )/2 ) && addr_v <( ( 480 - height )/2 ) + height + 1;
assign flag_enable_out2 = states_current == states_3 && flag_begin_h && flag_begin_v;
//ROM地址计数器
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
rom_address <= 0;
end
else if ( flag_clear_rom_address ) begin //计数满清零
rom_address <= 0;
end
else if ( flag_enable_out2 ) begin //在有效区域内+1
rom_address <= rom_address + 1;
end
else begin //无效区域保持
rom_address <= rom_address;
end
end
assign flag_clear_rom_address = rom_address == height * width - 1;
//初始化显示文字
always@( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
char_line[ 0 ] = 256'h0000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
char_line[ 1 ] = 256'h1ff0210020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
char_line[ 2 ] = 256'h101011dc17fc0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
char_line[ 3 ] = 256'h101011141040000018003c003c00180018007e001800180018003c003c000400;
char_line[ 4 ] = 256'h1ff0811480400000240042004200240024004200240024002400420042000c00;
char_line[ 5 ] = 256'h0000411440400000400042004200420042000400420040004200420042000c00;
char_line[ 6 ] = 256'h000047d448400000400002004200420042000400420040004200420042001400;
char_line[ 7 ] = 256'h3ff81014084000005c000400020042004200080042005c004200020002002400;
char_line[ 8 ] = 256'h0100111410407e00620018000400420042000800420062004200040004002400;
char_line[ 9 ] = 256'h0100211410400000420004000800420042001000420042004200080008004400;
char_line[ 10 ] = 256'hfffee588e0400000420002001000420042001000420042004200100010007f00;
char_line[ 11 ] = 256'h0280254820400000420042002000420042001000420042004200200020000400;
char_line[ 12 ] = 256'h0440294820400000220042004200240024001000240022002400420042000400;
char_line[ 13 ] = 256'h082021142ffe00001c003c007e0018001800100018001c0018007e007e001f00;
char_line[ 14 ] = 256'h3018251420000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
char_line[ 15 ] = 256'hc006022200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
end
end
//实例化ROM
rom rom_inst (
.address ( rom_address ),
.clock ( vga_clk ),
.q ( rom_data )
);
endmodule // data_drive
- Effect:
3. Output a color image
- Use software to convert pictures:
- Generated hex file:
failed to display here
4. Quartus operation
First, import the .V file into the new project. The following is the operation of adding two IP cores, one for clock frequency division and one for storing pictures.
Use 640×480 60HZ and 800×600 72HZ respectively, the corresponding clocks are 25M and 50M respectively, need to use PLL for frequency division clock frequency = row frame length × column frame length * refresh rate, 640 × 480 60HZ corresponds to clock frequency = 800 × 525 × 60 = 25.2M.
1. Add PLL core
- Select Base Clock:
Uncheck Output Enable:
- Set the clock, clk0 defaults to 50M, and c1 is set to 25M.
- Check the options below and click finish to add the pll core
2. Add ROM core
- Search for RO cores:
- Set the width to 16 bits, then fill in 160x154=24640 according to the size of the picture, and fill in according to your own picture.
- Uncheck the following:
- Import the previously generated hex file:
- Check the following options and click finish:
3. All codes
- data_drive file:
module data_drive (input wire vga_clk,
input wire rst_n,
input wire [ 11:0 ] addr_h,
input wire [ 11:0 ] addr_v,
input wire [ 2:0 ] key,
output reg [ 15:0 ] rgb_data);
localparam red = 16'd63488;
localparam orange = 16'd64384;
localparam yellow = 16'd65472;
localparam green = 16'd1024;
localparam blue = 16'd31;
localparam indigo = 16'd18448;
localparam purple = 16'd32784;
localparam white = 16'd65503;
localparam black = 16'd0;
reg [ 383:0 ] char_line[ 64:0 ];
localparam states_1 = 1; // 彩条
localparam states_2 = 2; // 字符
localparam states_3 = 3; // 图片
parameter height = 78; // 图片高度
parameter width = 128; // 图片宽度
reg [ 1:0 ] states_current ; // 当前状态
reg [ 1:0 ] states_next ; // 下个状态
reg [ 13:0 ] rom_address ; // ROM地址
wire [ 15:0 ] rom_data ; // 图片数据
wire flag_enable_out1 ; // 文字有效区域
wire flag_enable_out2 ; // 图片有效区域
wire flag_clear_rom_address ; // 地址清零
wire flag_begin_h ; // 图片显示行
wire flag_begin_v ; // 图片显示列
//状态转移
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
states_current <= states_1;
end
else begin
states_current <= states_next;
end
end
//状态判断
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
states_next <= states_1;
end
else if ( key[ 0 ] ) begin
states_next <= states_1;
end
else if ( key[ 1 ] ) begin
states_next <= states_2;
end
else if ( key[ 2 ] ) begin
states_next <= states_3;
end
else begin
states_next <= states_next;
end
end
//状态输出
always @( * ) begin
case ( states_current )
states_1 : begin
if ( addr_h == 0 ) begin
rgb_data = black;
end
else if ( addr_h >0 && addr_h <81 ) begin
rgb_data = red;
end
else if ( addr_h >80 && addr_h <161 ) begin
rgb_data = orange;
end
else if ( addr_h >160 && addr_h <241 ) begin
rgb_data = yellow;
end
else if ( addr_h >240 && addr_h <321 ) begin
rgb_data = green;
end
else if ( addr_h >320 && addr_h <401 ) begin
rgb_data = blue;
end
else if ( addr_h >400 && addr_h <481 ) begin
rgb_data = indigo;
end
else if ( addr_h >480 && addr_h <561 ) begin
rgb_data = purple;
end
else if ( addr_h >560 && addr_h <641 ) begin
rgb_data = white;
end
else begin
rgb_data = black;
end
end
states_2 : begin
if ( flag_enable_out1 ) begin
rgb_data = char_line[ addr_v-208 ][ 532 - addr_h ]? white:black;
end
else begin
rgb_data = black;
end
end
states_3 : begin
if ( flag_enable_out2 ) begin
rgb_data = rom_data;
end
else begin
rgb_data = black;
end
end
default: begin
case ( addr_h )
0 : rgb_data = black;
1 : rgb_data = red;
81 : rgb_data = orange;
161: rgb_data = yellow;
241: rgb_data = green;
321: rgb_data = blue;
401: rgb_data = indigo;
481: rgb_data = purple;
561: rgb_data = white;
default: rgb_data = rgb_data;
endcase
end
endcase
end
assign flag_enable_out1 = states_current == states_2 && addr_h > 148 && addr_h < 533 && addr_v > 208 && addr_v < 273 ;
assign flag_begin_h = addr_h > ( ( 640 - width ) / 2 ) && addr_h < ( ( 640 - width ) / 2 ) + width + 1;
assign flag_begin_v = addr_v > ( ( 480 - height )/2 ) && addr_v <( ( 480 - height )/2 ) + height + 1;
assign flag_enable_out2 = states_current == states_3 && flag_begin_h && flag_begin_v;
//ROM地址计数器
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
rom_address <= 0;
end
else if ( flag_clear_rom_address ) begin //计数满清零
rom_address <= 0;
end
else if ( flag_enable_out2 ) begin //在有效区域内+1
rom_address <= rom_address + 1;
end
else begin //无效区域保持
rom_address <= rom_address;
end
end
assign flag_clear_rom_address = rom_address == height * width - 1;
//初始化显示文字
always@( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
char_line[ 0 ] = 256'h0000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
char_line[ 1 ] = 256'h1ff0210020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
char_line[ 2 ] = 256'h101011dc17fc0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
char_line[ 3 ] = 256'h101011141040000018003c003c00180018007e001800180018003c003c000400;
char_line[ 4 ] = 256'h1ff0811480400000240042004200240024004200240024002400420042000c00;
char_line[ 5 ] = 256'h0000411440400000400042004200420042000400420040004200420042000c00;
char_line[ 6 ] = 256'h000047d448400000400002004200420042000400420040004200420042001400;
char_line[ 7 ] = 256'h3ff81014084000005c000400020042004200080042005c004200020002002400;
char_line[ 8 ] = 256'h0100111410407e00620018000400420042000800420062004200040004002400;
char_line[ 9 ] = 256'h0100211410400000420004000800420042001000420042004200080008004400;
char_line[ 10 ] = 256'hfffee588e0400000420002001000420042001000420042004200100010007f00;
char_line[ 11 ] = 256'h0280254820400000420042002000420042001000420042004200200020000400;
char_line[ 12 ] = 256'h0440294820400000220042004200240024001000240022002400420042000400;
char_line[ 13 ] = 256'h082021142ffe00001c003c007e0018001800100018001c0018007e007e001f00;
char_line[ 14 ] = 256'h3018251420000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
char_line[ 15 ] = 256'hc006022200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
end
end
//实例化ROM
rom rom_inst (
.address ( rom_address ),
.clock ( vga_clk ),
.q ( rom_data )
);
endmodule // data_drive
- key_debounce file:
module key_debounce(
input wire clk,
input wire rst_n,
input wire key,
output reg flag,// 0抖动, 1抖动结束
output reg key_value//key抖动结束后的值
);
parameter MAX_NUM = 20'd1_000_000;
reg [19:0] delay_cnt;//1_000_000
reg key_reg;//key上一次的值
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if(!rst_n) begin
key_reg <= 1;
delay_cnt <= 0;
end
else begin
key_reg <= key;
//当key为1 key 为0 表示按下抖动,开始计时
if(key_reg != key ) begin
delay_cnt <= MAX_NUM ;
end
else begin
if(delay_cnt > 0)
delay_cnt <= delay_cnt -1;
else
delay_cnt <= 0;
end
end
end
//当计时完成,获取key的值
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if(!rst_n) begin
flag <= 0;
key_value <= 1;
end
else begin
// 计时完成 处于稳定状态,进行赋值
if(delay_cnt == 1) begin
flag <= 1;
key_value <= key;
end
else begin
flag <= 0;
key_value <= key_value;
end
end
end
endmodule
- vga_dirve file:
module vga_dirve (input wire clk, //系统时钟
input wire rst_n, //复位
input wire [ 15:0 ] rgb_data, //16位RGB对应值
output wire vga_clk, //vga时钟 25M
output reg h_sync, //行同步信号
output reg v_sync, //场同步信号
output reg [ 11:0 ] addr_h, //行地址
output reg [ 11:0 ] addr_v, //列地址
output wire [ 4:0 ] rgb_r, //红基色
output wire [ 5:0 ] rgb_g, //绿基色
output wire [ 4:0 ] rgb_b //蓝基色
);
// 640 * 480 60HZ
localparam H_FRONT = 16; // 行同步前沿信号周期长
localparam H_SYNC = 96; // 行同步信号周期长
localparam H_BLACK = 48; // 行同步后沿信号周期长
localparam H_ACT = 640; // 行显示周期长
localparam V_FRONT = 11; // 场同步前沿信号周期长
localparam V_SYNC = 2; // 场同步信号周期长
localparam V_BLACK = 31; // 场同步后沿信号周期长
localparam V_ACT = 480; // 场显示周期长
// 800 * 600 72HZ
// localparam H_FRONT = 40; // 行同步前沿信号周期长
// localparam H_SYNC = 120; // 行同步信号周期长
// localparam H_BLACK = 88; // 行同步后沿信号周期长
// localparam H_ACT = 800; // 行显示周期长
// localparam V_FRONT = 37; // 场同步前沿信号周期长
// localparam V_SYNC = 6; // 场同步信号周期长
// localparam V_BLACK = 23; // 场同步后沿信号周期长
// localparam V_ACT = 600; // 场显示周期长
localparam H_TOTAL = H_FRONT + H_SYNC + H_BLACK + H_ACT; // 行周期
localparam V_TOTAL = V_FRONT + V_SYNC + V_BLACK + V_ACT; // 列周期
reg [ 11:0 ] cnt_h ; // 行计数器
reg [ 11:0 ] cnt_v ; // 场计数器
reg [ 15:0 ] rgb ; // 对应显示颜色值
// 对应计数器开始、结束、计数信号
wire flag_enable_cnt_h ;
wire flag_clear_cnt_h ;
wire flag_enable_cnt_v ;
wire flag_clear_cnt_v ;
wire flag_add_cnt_v ;
wire valid_area ;
// 25M时钟 行周期*场周期*刷新率 = 800 * 525* 60
wire clk_25 ;
// 50M时钟 1040 * 666 * 72
wire clk_50 ;
//PLL
pll pll_inst (
.areset ( ~rst_n ),
.inclk0 ( clk ),
.c0 ( clk_50 ), //50M
.c1 ( clk_25 ) //25M
);
//根据不同分配率选择不同频率时钟
assign vga_clk = clk_25;
// 行计数
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
cnt_h <= 0;
end
else if ( flag_enable_cnt_h ) begin
if ( flag_clear_cnt_h ) begin
cnt_h <= 0;
end
else begin
cnt_h <= cnt_h + 1;
end
end
else begin
cnt_h <= 0;
end
end
assign flag_enable_cnt_h = 1;
assign flag_clear_cnt_h = cnt_h == H_TOTAL - 1;
// 行同步信号
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
h_sync <= 0;
end
else if ( cnt_h == H_SYNC - 1 ) begin // 同步周期时为1
h_sync <= 1;
end
else if ( flag_clear_cnt_h ) begin // 其余为0
h_sync <= 0;
end
else begin
h_sync <= h_sync;
end
end
// 场计数
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
cnt_v <= 0;
end
else if ( flag_enable_cnt_v ) begin
if ( flag_clear_cnt_v ) begin
cnt_v <= 0;
end
else if ( flag_add_cnt_v ) begin
cnt_v <= cnt_v + 1;
end
else begin
cnt_v <= cnt_v;
end
end
else begin
cnt_v <= 0;
end
end
assign flag_enable_cnt_v = flag_enable_cnt_h;
assign flag_clear_cnt_v = cnt_v == V_TOTAL - 1;
assign flag_add_cnt_v = flag_clear_cnt_h;
// 场同步信号
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
v_sync <= 0;
end
else if ( cnt_v == V_SYNC - 1 ) begin
v_sync <= 1;
end
else if ( flag_clear_cnt_v ) begin
v_sync <= 0;
end
else begin
v_sync <= v_sync;
end
end
// 对应有效区域行地址 1-640
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
addr_h <= 0;
end
else if ( valid_area ) begin
addr_h <= cnt_h - H_SYNC - H_BLACK + 1;
end
else begin
addr_h <= 0;
end
end
// 对应有效区域列地址 1-480
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
addr_v <= 0;
end
else if ( valid_area ) begin
addr_v <= cnt_v -V_SYNC - V_BLACK + 1;
end
else begin
addr_v <= 0;
end
end
// 有效显示区域
assign valid_area = cnt_h >= H_SYNC + H_BLACK && cnt_h <= H_SYNC + H_BLACK + H_ACT && cnt_v >= V_SYNC + V_BLACK && cnt_v <= V_SYNC + V_BLACK + V_ACT;
// 显示颜色
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
rgb <= 16'h0;
end
else if ( valid_area ) begin
rgb <= rgb_data;
end
else begin
rgb <= 16'b0;
end
end
assign rgb_r = rgb[ 15:11 ];
assign rgb_g = rgb[ 10:5 ];
assign rgb_b = rgb[ 4:0 ];
endmodule // vga_dirve
- vga_top top-level file:
module vga_top (input wire clk,
input wire rst_n,
input wire [ 2:0 ] key,
output wire vga_clk,
output wire h_sync,
output wire v_sync,
output wire [ 4:0 ] rgb_r,
output wire [ 5:0 ] rgb_g,
output wire [ 4:0 ] rgb_b,
output reg [ 3:0 ] led);
reg [ 27:0 ] cnt ;
wire [ 11:0 ] addr_h ;
wire [ 11:0 ] addr_v ;
wire [ 15:0 ] rgb_data ;
wire [ 2:0 ] key_flag ;
wire [ 2:0 ] key_value ;
//vga模块
vga_dirve u_vga_dirve(
.clk ( clk ),
.rst_n ( rst_n ),
.rgb_data ( rgb_data ),
.vga_clk ( vga_clk ),
.h_sync ( h_sync ),
.v_sync ( v_sync ),
.rgb_r ( rgb_r ),
.rgb_g ( rgb_g ),
.rgb_b ( rgb_b ),
.addr_h ( addr_h ),
.addr_v ( addr_v )
);
//数据模块
data_drive u_data_drive(
.vga_clk ( vga_clk ),
.rst_n ( rst_n ),
.addr_h ( addr_h ),
.addr_v ( addr_v ),
.key ( {
key_value[ 2 ] && key_flag[ 2 ], key_value[ 1 ] && key_flag[ 1 ], key_value[ 0 ] && key_flag[ 0 ] } ),
.rgb_data ( rgb_data )
);
//按键消抖
key_debounce u_key_debounce0(
.clk ( vga_clk ),
.rst_n ( rst_n ),
.key ( key[ 0 ] ),
.flag ( key_flag[ 0 ] ),
.key_value ( key_value[ 0 ] )
);
key_debounce u_key_debounce1(
.clk ( vga_clk ),
.rst_n ( rst_n ),
.key ( key[ 1 ] ),
.flag ( key_flag[ 1 ] ),
.key_value ( key_value[ 1 ] )
);
key_debounce u_key_debounce2(
.clk ( vga_clk ),
.rst_n ( rst_n ),
.key ( key[ 2 ] ),
.flag ( key_flag[ 2 ] ),
.key_value ( key_value[ 2 ] )
);
// led
always @( posedge clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
cnt <= 0;
end
else if ( cnt == 50_000_000 - 1 ) begin
cnt <= 0;
end
else begin
cnt <= cnt + 1;
end
end
always @( posedge clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
led <= 4'b0000;
end
else if ( cnt == 50_000_000 -1 )begin
led <= ~led;
end
else begin
led <= led;
end
end
endmodule // vga_top
Four. Summary
After understanding the principle of VGA display, in fact, it is to assign a RGB three-channel value to each coordinate, that is, each pixel, and the field signal can be scanned quickly to form an image. Mastered the use of the two IP cores, but the picture failed to display successfully.
5. References
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45659777/article/details/124834294
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_47281915/article/details/125134764