Spring Cloud Eureka: The perfect tool to simplify service discovery and load balancing

Spring Cloud Eureka is a service discovery component provided by Spring Cloud, which can help us build service registration and discovery in distributed systems. It was developed based on Netflix's Eureka project, but unlike Eureka, it is part of the Spring Cloud ecosystem and provides an easy way for Spring Boot applications to discover services.

Spring Cloud Eureka aims to simplify service discovery and load balancing in distributed systems. It provides a centralized registry of services that enables applications to register themselves at startup and evict them on failure. On the other hand, clients can query this registry to find the location of available services and select one of them through a load balancing algorithm.

Spring Cloud Eureka is an ideal tool for building a microservice architecture, making it easier to easily realize service discovery, load balancing, and elastic expansion in complex distributed systems. At the same time, Spring Cloud Eureka can also be integrated with other Spring Cloud components, such as Config Server and Zuul gateway.

Fundamentals of Spring Cloud Eureka

The basic principles of Spring Cloud Eureka mainly include three aspects: service registration, service discovery and load balancing. Let's introduce them separately:

  1. service registration

In Spring Cloud Eureka, service providers need to register their own information with Eureka Server at startup, including application name, IP address and port number, etc. Eureka Server will record this information in the registry, and periodically receive the heartbeat request from the service provider within the heartbeat timeout period to ensure the availability of the service.

  1. service discovery

When a service consumer initiates a service call request to Eureka Server, it queries the registry of Eureka Server to find the location of available services. Eureka Server will return a set of available service instances, and select through the client load balancing algorithm, so as to select one of them as the target of the service call.

  1. load balancing

Spring Cloud Eureka还提供了一种简单但有效的负载均衡机制,可以在消费者和服务提供者之间实现请求的均衡分配。这种机制基于客户端负载均衡,它使用负载均衡算法来选择可用服务实例中的一个作为服务调用的目标,从而在多个服务实例之间实现请求的均衡分配。

如何使用Spring Cloud Eureka

1. 创建服务提供者

将Spring Cloud Eureka客户端依赖项添加到项目的pom.xml文件中

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
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然后,在应用程序的主类上添加@EnableDiscoveryClient注解,以启用Eureka客户端。

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ServiceProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceProviderApplication.class, args);
    }

}
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现在,我们需要在应用程序中注册服务。在应用程序的配置文件中添加以下配置:

spring:
  application:
    name: service-provider
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
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在这个示例中,我们将应用程序的名称设置为“service-provider”,并将Eureka服务器的位置设置为“http://localhost:8761/eureka/”。

接下来,我们需要提供一个REST API来响应服务调用请求。在应用程序中添加以下代码:

@RestController
public class ServiceController {

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        return "Hello World!";
    }

}
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2. 创建服务消费者

接下来,我们需要创建一个服务消费者。创建Spring Boot应用程序后,我们需要将Spring Cloud Eureka客户端依赖项添加到项目的pom.xml文件中。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
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然后,在应用程序的主类上添加@EnableDiscoveryClient注解,以启用Eureka客户端。

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ServiceConsumerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }

}
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现在,我们需要在应用程序中使用RestTemplate来调用服务提供者。在应用程序中添加以下代码:

@RestController
public class ConsumerController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        String url = "http://service-provider/hello";
        return restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
    }

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}
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在这个示例中,我们注入了一个RestTemplate bean,并使用它来调用服务提供者的/hello路径。这个示例中的服务提供者名称是“service-provider”,它已经在Eureka服务器上注册。

3. 启动Eureka服务器

在使用Spring Cloud Eureka时,我们需要启动一个Eureka服务器。使用Spring Boot创建一个Eureka服务器应用程序,并在应用程序的主类上添加@EnableEurekaServer注解以启用Eureka服务器。

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {

     public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}
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Eureka客户端配置

在应用程序中,您需要配置Eureka客户端以便它可以向Eureka服务器注册和发现其他服务。下面是一些常用的配置项:

  • eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone:设置Eureka服务器的位置。默认值为http://localhost:8761/eureka/
  • eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address:如果为true,则服务实例将使用IP地址而不是主机名注册。默认值为false。
  • eureka.instance.hostname:设置服务实例的主机名。如果未设置,则使用本地主机名。
  • eureka.instance.ip-address:设置服务实例的IP地址。如果未设置,则使用本地IP地址。
  • eureka.instance.port:设置服务实例的端口号。默认值为8080。
  • eureka.instance.status-page-url:设置服务实例的状态页URL。
  • eureka.instance.health-check-url:设置服务实例的健康检查URL

Eureka服务器配置

在启动Eureka服务器之前,您需要在应用程序的配置文件中配置一些属性。下面是一些常用的配置项:

  • eureka.server.enable-self-preservation:如果为true,则Eureka服务器将保护自己。默认值为true。
  • eureka.server.eviction-interval-timer-in-ms:设置Eureka服务器的清理间隔。默认值为60000毫秒。
  • eureka.server.renewal-percent-threshold:设置服务实例的续订阈值。默认值为0.85。
  • eureka.server.response-cache-update-interval-ms:设置Eureka服务器的响应缓存更新间隔。默认值为30000毫秒。
  • eureka.server.max-idle-thread-in-minutes-age-for-status-replication:设置状态复制的最大空闲线程年龄(分钟)。默认值为10分钟。

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Origin juejin.im/post/7229498604367773756