Interpretation of C/C++ configuration files in VSCode (unfinished)

0. Official link YYDS

Let me tell you about my environment in advance, which is ubuntu 20.04, vscode 1.68.1, which is used for the configuration of C and C++ environments. The content of this article is not how to configure files, but the understanding after configuration files.

The following is the official link. Personally, I think the English writing is quite easy to read.

https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/cpp/config-linux

1. Format (json format)

You need to understand the content of the vscode configuration file, and you need to know in advance what the json format is. I saw a link to share below, and I can roughly understand the json format. In my opinion, the json format is very similar to the dictionary in the Python data structure.

Basic use of JSON

• Arrays []are represented by square brackets (" ").
• Objects (0bject) are denoted by braces (" {}").
• Name/value pairs ( name/value) are combined into arrays and objects.
• Names ( name) are enclosed in double quotes , and values ​​( value) are strings, numbers, booleans, null, objects, and arrays .
• Parallel data are ,separated by commas (“ ”)

2. Content

file name	effect	configuration method
task.json	Tell VS code how to compile .cpp the file. After configuration, the g++ compiler will be called to create an executable file based on the source code .	Select: Terminal > Configure Default Build Task, select from the drop-down menu: g++.exe build active file, the selection .vscodewill create a tasks.jsonfile in the file.
launch.json	You can use F5 to make VS Code start the GDB debugger to debug the program .	1. Select Run > Add Configuration… in the main menu , and then select C++ (GDB/LLDB) ; 2. There will be various predefined debugging configuration files in the drop-down menu, select g++.exe build and debug active file . (It is also possible to directly generate a debug file as follows, in short, the content of the configuration file is as follows)
c_cpp_properties.json	Get more control over C/C++ extensions, change the compiler's path, the C++ standard (defaults to C++17), and more. (compiler path and IntelliSense settings)	Execute the C/C++:Edit Configurations(UI) command in the command panel ( Ctrl+Shift+P ) to view the C/C++ configuration interface C/C++ Configurations . VS Code will write the changed configuration in C/C++ Configurations to the c_cpp_properties.json file under ./vscode .
settings.json

The above content is referenced from: VS Code - C++ configuration file

2.0 task.json

If you only need to compile code information, you can configure this file.

source information

{
    
    
    "tasks": [
        {
    
    
            // The task type to customize
            "type": "cppbuild",   
            // The name of the task.
            "label": "C/C++: g++ build active file",
            // ***The path to either a compiler or script that performs compilation.
            "command": "/usr/bin/g++",
            // ***调试命令，即g++ -g ${file} -o ${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}
            // -fdiagnostics-color=always 设置彩色错误提示
            // -g 添加调试信息
            // ${file} - 需要编译的文件，查看下文变量速查表
            // -o 后续参数为可执行文件
            // ${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension} - 输出文件，查看下文变量速查表
            "args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
            ],
            "options": {
    
    
                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            // *** group 对象的 "isDefault": true 说明这个任务会在按下 Ctrl+Shift+B 时运行。
            // 这个属性只是为方便，如果设置为 false 可以通过中断菜单中的 Tasks: Run Build Task 来运行任务。
            "group": {
    
    
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

Variable Cheat Sheet

variable name	effect
${file}	The name of the currently opened file being edited, including the absolute path, file name, and file extension
${fileDirname}	The absolute path of the currently opened file, excluding the file name
${fileBasenameNoExtension}	The file name of the currently opened file, excluding the path and extension

The above content comes from linking various variables in VS code $file,$ {fileBasename}, there are more instructions in the link.

2.1 launch.json

2.2 c_cpp_properties.json

2.3 settings.json