[Dry goods] How to impress the interviewer to get an offer? The test development expert will guide you through the common interview questions of automated testing

1. What is automated testing? What is the difference between automated testing and manual testing?

• Automated testing is the use of scripts or tools to automatically execute test cases, while manual testing is the execution of test cases by humans. Automated testing can detect defects faster and more accurately, and can automatically run a large number of test cases. However, it takes more time to write and maintain test scripts.

1. What automated testing tools have you used? which one is your favourite?

• Answering this question depends on your experience and technical background. Common automated testing tools include Selenium, Appium, JUnit, TestNG, Robot Framework, and more. It's a good idea to mention some of the tools you've used and explain why you like that tool.

1. What is API testing? How is it different from UI testing?

• API testing is the process of testing application programming interfaces. Unlike UI testing, API testing does not involve the user interface but instead focuses on the data transfer and business logic of the application. Therefore, API testing is usually faster, more stable and easier to automate than UI testing.

1. What is BDD (Behavior Driven Development)? How does Cucumber implement BDD?

• BDD is a software development methodology that focuses on the behavior or functionality of an application and emphasizes communicating and collaborating with stakeholders during the development process. Cucumber is a BDD testing framework that can write test cases in natural language so that non-technical people can understand it. Cucumber converts test cases into executable code and generates easy-to-read reports.

1. What is unit testing? How would you write and run unit tests?

• Unit tests are tests of the smallest testable parts of an application (e.g. modules, functions, classes). Writing unit tests requires knowledge of the implementation and expected output of the code under test. Running unit tests usually requires the use of a specific testing framework (such as JUnit, TestNG, etc.), and can be run from the command line or an integrated development environment (IDE).

1. Have you ever used a continuous integration tool? If yes, which tools do you use?

• Common continuous integration tools include Jenkins, Travis CI, CircleCI, and more. Answering this question depends on your experience and technical background. It's a good idea to mention some of the tools you've used and explain why you like that tool.

1. What is the Webdriver protocol? How does Selenium WebDriver use this protocol for testing?

• The Webdriver protocol is an API that defines interactions with web browsers. Selenium WebDriver uses this protocol to communicate with the browser through the browser driver. Testers can write automated test scripts using Selenium WebDriver API to perform various actions such as opening web pages, entering text, and clicking buttons.

1. What are integration tests? How to implement integration testing in automated testing?

• Integration testing is testing the interaction between different parts of an application. In automated testing, different tools and frameworks can be used to simulate the various components of the application and check the communication between them. Common integration testing tools include RestAssured, WireMock, and more.

1. How to evaluate the success rate of automated testing?

• Success rate can be measured by the following indicators:
  • Test Pass Rate: The number of test cases that have passed divided by the number of all test cases.
  • Failure rate: The number of defects found divided by the total number of test cases.
  • Coverage: The percentage of code or functionality covered by automated tests.
  • Average Failures: The average number of failures per test case.
  • Automated Test Execution Time: How long the automated test takes to complete. The success rate should take these metrics into account to identify bottlenecks and improvement points in the testing process.
  • How do you handle asynchronous requests in automated testing?
  • Handling asynchronous requests requires the use of an await mechanism. Common wait methods include:
    • Forced wait: Use the sleep() function in the script to force a wait for a period of time.
    • Implicit wait: Set the maximum waiting time, and automatically execute the next step after timeout.
    • Explicit waits: Set different wait conditions (such as element is visible or exists) and wait for the condition to be true.
  • What is the Page Object pattern? What is its role in automated testing?
  • The Page Object pattern is a design pattern for encapsulating a page object as a class and providing easy-to-use methods to access page elements and perform operations. In automated testing, the Page Object pattern makes the test code easier to maintain and understand, and improves the reusability of test cases.
  • How to handle login authentication in automated testing?
  • Login authentication can be handled using the following methods:
    • Enter the user name and password directly in the test case, but this method may cause security problems.
    • Use data-driven tests and configuration files, storing usernames and passwords in external files.
    • Use browser cookies or sessions to save login information in the browser for reuse during testing.
  • How to simulate a user clicking the right mouse button in an automated test?
  • You can use Selenium's Actions class to simulate a user right-click. For example:

  • Actions actions = new Actions(driver); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("example-id")); actions.contextClick(element).build().perform();

  • What is Maven? What is its role in automated testing?
  • Maven is a Java project management tool that can be used to automatically build, test, package and deploy Java projects. In automated testing, Maven can be used to manage test code and dependencies, and is easily integrated into a continuous integration environment.
  • What is Selenium Grid? What is its role in automated testing?
  • Selenium Grid is a distributed test execution and management system that can be used to run Selenium tests on multiple computers simultaneously. By assigning tests to different nodes, Selenium Grid can increase testing efficiency and reduce test execution time.
  • How to handle dynamic elements in automated testing?
  • Handling dynamic elements requires the use of wait mechanisms. Common wait methods include:
    • Forced wait: Use the sleep() function in the script to force a wait for a period of time.
    • Implicit wait: Set the maximum waiting time, and automatically execute the next step after timeout.
    • Explicit waits: Set different wait conditions (such as element is visible or exists) and wait for the condition to be true. Also, try using JavaScript code to manipulate elements.
  • How to deal with cross-domain issues in automated testing?
  • Cross-domain issues in automated testing can cause security and testability issues. Cross domain issues can be resolved by:
    • Use a proxy server: Send test requests to a proxy server, which then forwards the request to the target server.
    • Modify the browser configuration: disable the browser's cross-domain access restrictions.
    • Add C on the server side

      ORS headers: Allow cross-origin requests by adding CORS headers on the server side.

    • What is Selenium IDE? What is its role in automated testing?
    • Selenium IDE is a browser plugin that records and replays actions performed by the user in the browser. It is generally used to create and debug simple automated test scripts, but is not suitable for handling complex test scenarios.
    • How do you simulate keyboard events in automated tests?
    • Keystroke events can be simulated using Selenium's Actions class. For example:

    • Actions actions = new Actions(driver); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("example-id")); actions.sendKeys(element, Keys.ENTER).build().perform();

    • What is continuous delivery? How is it different from continuous integration?
    • Continuous delivery is a software development methodology that aims to automate the process of delivering software and deploying code to production as often as possible. Continuous delivery includes processes such as automated builds, automated testing, continuous integration, and automated deployment. Unlike continuous integration, continuous delivery also involves cycles of automated deployment and customer feedback.
    • How to avoid assertion failures in automated tests?
    • Assertion failures may lead to inaccurate test results, so you need to pay attention to the following:
      • Ensure the accuracy and consistency of test data.
      • Use the well-designed Page Object pattern and wait mechanism to access elements and perform operations.
      • Write robust assertions that take into account a wide range of possible outcomes.
      • Avoid dependencies between test cases to make it easier to locate problems.
    • What is Selenium WebDriver listener? What is its role in automated testing?
    • Selenium WebDriver listener is an event listener that monitors the running status of WebDriver and provides custom handling. For example, listeners can be used to record test logs, take screenshots, or handle error messages.
    • How to simulate dropdown list in automated test?
    • A dropdown list can be simulated using Selenium's Select class. For example:

    • Select select = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("example-id"))); select.selectByVisibleText("Option 1");

    • What is Sikuli? What is its role in automated testing?
    • Sikuli is an image recognition based automated testing tool that can be used for testing desktop applications and web applications. By recognizing images on the screen, Sikuli can simulate user actions and verify expected behavior or output.
    • How to simulate mouseover in automated tests?
    • You can use Selenium's Actions class to simulate a mouse hover. For example:

    • Actions actions = new Actions(driver); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("example-id")); actions.moveToElement(element).build().perform();

    • What is an automated testing framework? What is its role in automated testing?
    • An automation testing framework is a set of predefined rules, standards, and tools that can be used to write, execute, and report automated test scripts. Frameworks provide common functionality such as logging, exception handling, and retry mechanisms so that testers can more easily write high-quality test code.
    • How to simulate uploading files in automated testing?
    • You can use Selenium's sendKeys() method to simulate uploading files. For example:

    • driver.findElement(By.id("example-id")).sendKeys("/path/to/file");

    • What is an assertion? What is your favorite assertion method

    • ？

    • Assertions are a way to verify test results and are often used in automated test scripts. Common assertion methods include:
      • assertEquals(): Verify that the actual value is equal to the expected value.
      • assertTrue(): Verify that the condition is true.
      • assertFalse(): Verify that the condition is false.
      • assertNull(): Verify that the object is null.
      • assertNotNull(): Verify that the object is not null. I don't have a favorite assertion method, choosing the appropriate assertion method depends on the test scenario and requirements.
      • How to simulate browser window size in automated tests?
      • You can use Selenium's WebDriver methods to simulate browser window size. For example:

      • Dimension dimension = new Dimension(800, 600); driver.manage().window().setSize(dimension);

      • What is Code Coverage? What is its role in automated testing?
      • Code coverage is a way to measure the impact of test cases on code coverage. It is calculated by counting the number of lines of code executed and the number of lines of code not executed during test case execution. Code coverage can be used to determine which code is not being tested, thereby guiding testers to write more comprehensive test cases.
      • How to simulate dragging and dropping the mouse over another element in an automated test?
      • You can use Selenium's Actions class to simulate mouse drag and drop operations. For example:

      • Actions actions = new Actions(driver); WebElement source = driver.findElement(By.id("source-id")); WebElement target = driver.findElement(By.id("target-id")); actions.dragAndDrop(source, target).build().perform();

      • What is API testing? How is it different from UI testing?
      • API testing is a testing method designed to verify the functionality, reliability and performance of an application programming interface. API testing usually involves sending HTTP requests and validating response data. Unlike UI testing, API testing does not touch the user interface, making it easier to test multiple platforms (such as web, mobile, and desktop applications).
      • How to simulate browser's back action in automated testing?
      • You can use Selenium's WebDriver method to simulate the browser's back operation. For example:

      • driver.navigate().back();

      • What is exception handling? What is its role in automated testing?
      • Exception handling is a programmatic way of catching and handling errors or unusual conditions that occur during code execution. In automated testing, exception handling protects test scripts from unhandled exceptional conditions and provides more accurate test results.
      • How to simulate pressing multiple keys in automated tests?
      • You can use Selenium's Actions class to simulate pressing multiple keys. For example:

      • Actions actions = new Actions(driver); actions.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys("a").keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).build().perform();

        The above example simulates pressing the Ctrl and A keys simultaneously.

      • What is BDD? What is its role in automated testing?
      • BDD (Behavior Driven Development) is a software development methodology that closely aligns business requirements and development process. BDD focuses on describing and verifying system behavior rather than implementation details. In automated testing, BDD can be used to create understandable natural language test scripts to better communicate with business people and developers.
      • How to simulate handling popup windows in automated tests?
      • Handling popups can be simulated using Selenium's Alert class. For example:

      • Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); alert.accept(); // 接受弹出窗口 alert.dismiss(); // 忽略弹出窗口

      • What is CI/CD? What is its role in automated testing?
      • CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery) is a software development process designed to increase the speed and quality of software delivery by automating build, test, and deployment. In automated testing, CI/CD can ensure that every code commit is tested and

        The delivered code is deployed to the production environment, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of software development and delivery.

      • How to simulate handling cookies in automated tests?
      • Cookie handling can be simulated using Selenium's WebDriver methods. For example:

      • // 添加Cookie Cookie cookie = new Cookie("example-name", "example-value"); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); // 获取Cookie值 String value = driver.manage().getCookieNamed("example-name").getValue(); // 删除Cookie driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("example-name");

      • What is Data Driven Testing? What is its role in automated testing?
      • Data-driven testing is an automated testing approach that simplifies writing and maintaining test scripts by separating data from test code. Data is usually stored in external files or databases, and the test code reads the data from these sources and executes the tests. Data-driven testing can improve test coverage and maintainability while reducing duplication of test code.
      • How to simulate browser forward actions in automated tests?
      • You can use Selenium's WebDriver methods to emulate the browser's forward actions. For example:

      • driver.navigate().forward();

      • What is performance testing? What is its role in automated testing?
      • Performance testing is a testing method designed to evaluate the application's response time, throughput, number of concurrent users, and other indicators. In automated testing, performance testing can be used to simulate user behavior and measure the performance characteristics of the system to verify that the application meets the expected performance requirements.
      • How to simulate JavaScript popups in automated tests?
      • Handling JavaScript popups can be simulated using Selenium's WebDriver methods. For example:

      • // 切换到弹出窗口 String mainWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle(); for (String handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!handle.equals(mainWindowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(handle); } } // 在弹出窗口中执行操作 // ... // 切换回主窗口 driver.switchTo().window(mainWindowHandle);

      • What is fault tolerance testing? What is its role in automated testing?
      • Fault-tolerance testing is a style of testing designed to evaluate how an application performs in the face of unusual or undesirable conditions. In automated testing, fault-tolerance testing can be used to simulate various abnormal situations and verify that the application handles these situations correctly and remains stable and reliable.
      • How to simulate handling multiple windows in automated tests?
      • Handling multiple windows can be simulated using Selenium's WebDriver methods. For example:

      • // 获取所有窗口句柄 Set<String> windowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles(); // 切换到指定窗口 String handle = windowHandles.iterator().next(); driver.switchTo().window(handle);

      • What is Security Testing? What is its role in automated testing?
      • Security testing is a testing method designed to evaluate the security and protection measures of an application. In automated testing, security testing can be used to simulate various attack scenarios and verify that the application can correctly identify and defend against these attacks.
      • How to mock browser alert boxes in automated testing?
      • You can use Selenium's WebDriver method to simulate handling browser alert boxes. For example:

      • Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); String text = alert.getText(); // 获取警告框文本 alert.accept(); // 接受警告框 alert.dismiss(); // 忽略

      • warning box

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        48. 什么是移动应用程序测试？它在自动化测试中的作用是什么？ - 移动应用程序测试是一种测试方式，旨在评估移动应用程序的功能、性能和用户体验。在自动化测试中，移动应用程序测试可用于模拟各种场景，并测试应用程序在不同设备上的兼容性和可靠性。 49. 如何在自动化测试中模拟处理下拉列表？ - 可以使用Selenium的Select类来模拟处理下拉列表。例如： ```java Select select = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("example-id"))); select.selectByValue("example-value"); // 通过value选择选项 select.selectByIndex(1); // 通过索引选择选项 select.selectByVisibleText("example-text"); // 通过文本选择选项

      • What is random testing? What is its role in automated testing?
      • Random testing is a style of testing that aims to discover potential bugs or anomalies by randomly generating input data and testing the system. In automated testing, random testing can be used to increase test coverage and discover issues that may have been overlooked in specific scenarios.

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