A coroutine is a lightweight thread that enables cooperative multitasking by suspending and resuming execution state. In C++, coroutines are supported from the C++20 standard, and the functions of coroutines can be realized through the std::coroutine library and related APIs. The following are usage scenarios of C++ coroutines:
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Asynchronous IO operations: Coroutines can be used as a higher-level asynchronous programming model, which can easily handle asynchronous IO events, including the processing of files, sockets, message queues, etc.
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Network programming: Coroutines can be used to create high-performance, highly concurrent network programming infrastructure, such as web servers, proxies, load balancers, etc. The lightweight nature of coroutines can significantly reduce system resource usage while maintaining low latency and high throughput.
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Task scheduling: In some cases, coroutines can be used as a task scheduling mechanism, which can easily implement a task scheduler based on priority or other strategies.
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Concurrent programming: Coroutines can be integrated with other concurrent programming models, such as Actor model, Future/Promise implemented in C++11, std::thread, etc.
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Device driver: In the operating system kernel, coroutines can be used to implement kernel modules, such as device drivers, file systems, etc. Efficient scheduling and collaboration can be achieved through coroutines, while avoiding the implementation of heavy thread synchronization and lock mechanisms.
In a word, coroutine is a solution to achieve efficient cooperative multitasking, which is not only suitable for various asynchronous IO and network programming scenarios, but also can be used in a variety of concurrent and parallel computing scenarios, and shows better performance and scalability. In C++, the complete implementation of coroutines has become a part of the standard library, which greatly enhances the flexibility and application scope of C++ programming.
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