Selenium is a browser automation test box that supports multiple platforms + multiple browsers + multiple versions.
Selenium can specify the platform, browser, version and browser startup parameters that need to be started through the desired_capbilities parameter when starting the browser.
ChromeOptions is a browser startup option supported by chromedriver.
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()The commonly used attributes and methods of options are:
- binary_location='': Specify the Chrome browser path
- debuger_address=': specify the debug path
- headless: headless mode
- add_argument(): Add startup parameters
- add_extension: add local plugin
- add_experimental_option: add experimental option
- to_capablities: Convert options to standard capablities format
You can add startup parameters through add_argument(), such as initializing window size, incognito mode, etc.
options.add_argument('headless') # 无界面启动，也可以直接设置options.headless=True
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # 相当于
driver = webdriver.Chrome(desired_capabilities=options.to_capablities())However, due to the continuous update of Chrome browser and chromedriver version, I found that some parameters cannot take effect in Chrome version 80 for Mac + chromedriver version 80
Valid ChromeOptions parameters
# 无界面模式
options.add_argument('headless')
# 指定用户客户端-模拟手机浏览
options.add_argument('user-agent="MQQBrowser/26 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; zh-cn; MB200 Build/GRJ22; CyanogenMod-7) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1"')
# 禁用图片加载
options.add_argument('blink-settings=imagesEnabled=false')
# 隐身模式
options.add_argument('incognito')
# 自动打开开发者工具
options.add_argument("auto-open-devtools-for-tabs")
# 设置窗口尺寸，注意宽高之间使用逗号而不是x
options.add_argument('window-size=300,600')
# 设置窗口启动位置（左上角坐标）
options.add_argument('window-position=120,0')
# 禁用gpu渲染
options.add_argument('disable-gpu')
# 全屏启动
options.add_argument('start-fullscreen')
# 全屏启动，无地址栏
options.add_argument('kiosk')
# 启动时，不激活（前置）窗口
options.add_argument('no-startup-window')
...invalid parameter
options.add_argument('--start-maximized') # 最大化启动，无效
options.add_argument('url=https://www.baidu.com/') # 设置启动的url，无效
options.add_argument('disable-infobars') # 禁用inforbar，无效
options.add_argument('hide-scrollbars') # 隐藏滚动条，无效The reason is not clear, welcome to leave a message if you know or solve it.
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