Python assigns image coordinate system in batches and merges images according to coordinates

Database 2023-05-04 15:10:55 views: null

Python assigns image coordinate system in batches and merges images according to coordinates

1. Python assigns image coordinate system in batches

1.1 Environmental conditions preparation

  • The relevant coordinates are: the qgisgenerated grid shpfilefile, the obtained relevant coordinates
    • Each grid has associated coordinate information
      insert image description here
  • The given picture, gird_256_4490.shpthe picture cut using the grid file
  • 赋予图片坐标系原因
    • After using qgisthe file with cutting coordinates, save .pngthe format, there is no coordinate information, and assign the coordinate information of the cutting picture

1.2. Find the projected coordinate system

  • Official website link: https://spatialreference.org/ref/
  • Enter the name of the coordinate system you want to turn
    • Mine isChina Geodetic Coordinate System 2000
    • click on the first link
      insert image description here
  • clickOGC WKT
    insert image description here
  • Copy Text **【Copy All】**
    • assign text to variableimg_pos_proj
      insert image description here

1.3. Related code

  • Picture plus coordinate system function

    def def_geoCoordSys(read_path, save_name, img_transf, img_proj):
    """

    :param read_path: 不带坐标的图像
    :param save_name: 保存带有坐标的图像
    :param img_transf: 投影相关坐标
    :param img_proj: 投影类型
    :return:

    """
    array_dataset = gdal.Open(read_path)
    img_array = array_dataset.ReadAsArray(0, 0, array_dataset.RasterXSize, array_dataset.RasterYSize)
    if 'int8' in img_array.dtype.name:
        datatype = gdal.GDT_Byte
    elif 'int16' in img_array.dtype.name:
        datatype = gdal.GDT_UInt16
    else:
        datatype = gdal.GDT_Float32

    if len(img_array.shape) == 3:
        img_bands, im_height, im_width = img_array.shape
    else:
        img_bands, (im_height, im_width) = 1, img_array.shape
    driver = gdal.GetDriverByName("GTiff")  # 创建文件驱动
    dataset = driver.Create(
        save_name, im_width, im_height, img_bands, datatype)
    dataset.SetGeoTransform(img_transf)  # 写入仿射变换参数
    dataset.SetProjection(img_proj)  # 写入投影

    # 写入影像数据
    if img_bands == 1:
        dataset.GetRasterBand(1).WriteArray(img_array)
    else:
        for i in range(img_bands):
            dataset.GetRasterBand(i + 1).WriteArray(img_array[i])
    print(read_path, 'geoCoordSys get!')

  • Get shpfilefile relative coordinates
    insert image description here

    shpdata = gpd.read_file('data/grid.shp',encoding='utf-8')
for j in range(0, len(shpdata)):  # 遍历网格数据
    geo = shpdata.geometry[j] # 获取坐标属性
    # ((120.78513142722576 29.253768371972182, 120.78516670362751 29.258387207528127, 120.79043393150636 29.258356166298398, 120.79039841851554 29.25373733658219, 120.78513142722576 29.253768371972182))
    # 坐标位置为：0：左上，1：左下，2：右下，3：右上，4：左上
    minX,minY=geo.__geo_interface__['coordinates'][0][1]
    maxX,maxY=geo.__geo_interface__['coordinates'][0][3]
    numX,numY=256,256  # 图片x轴像素，y轴像素
    img_pos_transf=(minX,(maxX-minX)/256 , 0.0, minY, 0.0,-(minY-maxY)/256)
    img_pos_proj = 'GEOGCS["China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000 ",DATUM["China 2000",SPHEROID["CGCS2000",6378137,298.257222101,AUTHORITY["EPSG","1024"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","6610"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],UNIT["degree",0.01745329251994328,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4490"]]'
    def_geoCoordSys(read_path,save_name, img_pos_transf, img_pos_proj)

  • full code

    import os
from osgeo import gdal
import geopandas as gpd

def def_geoCoordSys(read_path, save_name, img_transf, img_proj):
    """

    :param read_path: 不带坐标的图像
    :param save_name: 保存带有坐标的图像
    :param img_transf: 投影相关坐标
    :param img_proj: 投影类型
    :return:

    """
    array_dataset = gdal.Open(read_path)
    img_array = array_dataset.ReadAsArray(0, 0, array_dataset.RasterXSize, array_dataset.RasterYSize)
    if 'int8' in img_array.dtype.name:
        datatype = gdal.GDT_Byte
    elif 'int16' in img_array.dtype.name:
        datatype = gdal.GDT_UInt16
    else:
        datatype = gdal.GDT_Float32

    if len(img_array.shape) == 3:
        img_bands, im_height, im_width = img_array.shape
    else:
        img_bands, (im_height, im_width) = 1, img_array.shape
    driver = gdal.GetDriverByName("GTiff")  # 创建文件驱动
    dataset = driver.Create(
        save_name, im_width, im_height, img_bands, datatype)
    dataset.SetGeoTransform(img_transf)  # 写入仿射变换参数
    dataset.SetProjection(img_proj)  # 写入投影
    # 写入影像数据
    if img_bands == 1:
        dataset.GetRasterBand(1).WriteArray(img_array)
    else:
        for i in range(img_bands):
            dataset.GetRasterBand(i + 1).WriteArray(img_array[i])
    print(read_path, 'geoCoordSys get!')

label_path=''  # 无坐标图片路径
label_tif_path=''  # 保存有坐标图片路径
if not os.path.exists(label_tif_path):
    os.makedirs(label_tif_path)
data = os.walk(label_path)
file_list=[file_list for path, folder_list, file_list in data][0]
shpdata = gpd.read_file('grid.shp',encoding='utf-8')
for j in range(0, len(shpdata)):
    geo = shpdata.geometry[j]
    id_name=j+1
    minX,minY=geo.__geo_interface__['coordinates'][0][1]
    maxX,maxY=geo.__geo_interface__['coordinates'][0][3]
    numX,numY=256,256  # 图片x轴像素，y轴像素
    img_pos_transf=(minX,(maxX-minX)/256 , 0.0, minY, 0.0,-(minY-maxY)/256)
    read_path=os.path.join(label_path,f'{
        
        id_name}.png')  # 无坐标图片路径·
    save_name=os.path.join(label_tif_path,f'{
        
        id_name}.tif') # 保存有坐标图片路径
    save_name=save_name.replace('png','tif')
    img_pos_proj = 'GEOGCS["China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000 ",DATUM["China 2000",SPHEROID["CGCS2000",6378137,298.257222101,AUTHORITY["EPSG","1024"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","6610"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],UNIT["degree",0.01745329251994328,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4490"]]'
    def_geoCoordSys(read_path,save_name, img_pos_transf, img_pos_proj)

2.Python merges pictures in batches according to the coordinates and reassigns the coordinates

  • read filename
    dirpath = " "   # 图片文件绝对路径
save_path= os.path.join(dirpath, 'merge_tif')  # 合并图片文件保存路径
if not os.path.exists(save_path):
        os.makedirs(save_path)
out_path = os.path.join(save_path, "merge.tif")
coordinate_path=os.path.join(save_path, "coordinate_merge.tif") # 赋予合并坐标
tif_file = glob.glob(os.path.join(dirpath, "*.tif"))  # 读取所有文件名
  • add files to list
    src_files_to_mosaic = []
for tif_f in tif_file:
    src = rasterio.open(tif_f)
    src_files_to_mosaic.append(src)
  • Merge and save files
    • tifThe file is a grayscale image, so I needmosaic.reshape(mosaic.shape[1],mosaic.shape[2])
    mosaic, out_trans = merge(src_files_to_mosaic)
Image.fromarray(mosaic.reshape(mosaic.shape[1],mosaic.shape[2]),'L').save(out_path)
  • Reassign image coordinates
    def def_geoCoordSys(read_path, save_name,img_transf, img_proj):
        array_dataset = gdal.Open(read_path)
        img_array = array_dataset.ReadAsArray(0, 0, array_dataset.RasterXSize, array_dataset.RasterYSize)
        if 'int8' in img_array.dtype.name:
            datatype = gdal.GDT_Byte
        elif 'int16' in img_array.dtype.name:
            datatype = gdal.GDT_UInt16
        else:
            datatype = gdal.GDT_Float32

        if len(img_array.shape) == 3:
            img_bands, im_height, im_width = img_array.shape
        else:
            img_bands, (im_height, im_width) = 1, img_array.shape
        driver = gdal.GetDriverByName("GTiff")  # 创建文件驱动
        dataset = driver.Create(save_name, im_width, im_height, img_bands, datatype)
        dataset.SetGeoTransform(img_transf)  # 写入仿射变换参数
        dataset.SetProjection(img_proj)  # 写入投影
        if img_bands == 1:
            dataset.GetRasterBand(1).WriteArray(img_array)
        else:
            for i in range(img_bands):
                dataset.GetRasterBand(i + 1).WriteArray(img_array[i])
        print(read_path, 'geoCoordSys get!')
img_pos_transf=((out_trans[2],out_trans[0],0.0,out_trans[5],0.0,out_trans[4]))
img_pos_proj = 'GEOGCS["China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000 ",DATUM["China 2000",SPHEROID["CGCS2000",6378137,298.257222101,AUTHORITY["EPSG","1024"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","6610"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],UNIT["degree",0.01745329251994328,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4490"]]'            
def_geoCoordSys(out_path,coordinate_path, img_pos_transf, img_pos_proj)
  • full code
    import os
import glob
import rasterio
from osgeo import gdal
import PIL.Image as Image
from rasterio.merge import merge
def def_geoCoordSys(read_path, save_name,img_transf, img_proj):
        array_dataset = gdal.Open(read_path)
        img_array = array_dataset.ReadAsArray(0, 0, array_dataset.RasterXSize, array_dataset.RasterYSize)
        if 'int8' in img_array.dtype.name:
            datatype = gdal.GDT_Byte
        elif 'int16' in img_array.dtype.name:
            datatype = gdal.GDT_UInt16
        else:
            datatype = gdal.GDT_Float32

        if len(img_array.shape) == 3:
            img_bands, im_height, im_width = img_array.shape
        else:
            img_bands, (im_height, im_width) = 1, img_array.shape
        driver = gdal.GetDriverByName("GTiff")  # 创建文件驱动
        dataset = driver.Create(save_name, im_width, im_height, img_bands, datatype)
        dataset.SetGeoTransform(img_transf)  # 写入仿射变换参数
        dataset.SetProjection(img_proj)  # 写入投影
        if img_bands == 1:
            dataset.GetRasterBand(1).WriteArray(img_array)
        else:
            for i in range(img_bands):
                dataset.GetRasterBand(i + 1).WriteArray(img_array[i])
        print(read_path, 'geoCoordSys get!')
	dirpath = ""
	save_path= os.path.join(dirpath, 'merge_tif')
	if not os.path.exists(save_path):
	        os.makedirs(save_path)
	out_path = os.path.join(save_path, "merge.tif")
	coordinate_path=os.path.join(save_path, "coordinate_merge.tif")
	tif_file = glob.glob(os.path.join(dirpath, "*.tif"))
	mosaic, out_trans = merge(src_files_to_mosaic)
	Image.fromarray(mosaic.reshape(mosaic.shape[1],mosaic.shape[2]),'L').save(out_path) 
	img_pos_transf=((out_trans[2],out_trans[0],0.0,out_trans[5],0.0,out_trans[4]))
	img_pos_proj = 'GEOGCS["China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000 ",DATUM["China 2000",SPHEROID["CGCS2000",6378137,298.257222101,AUTHORITY["EPSG","1024"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","6610"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],UNIT["degree",0.01745329251994328,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4490"]]'            
	def_geoCoordSys(out_path,coordinate_path, img_pos_transf, img_pos_proj)

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