Note: Cleaning up the computer today, I accidentally found an old article that I practiced before, post it and play
Web technology is entering "postmodernism"
Postmodernism is a pan-cultural trend of thought that emerged in Western developed countries around the 1960s. It is characterized by the analytical method of reverse thinking to criticize, negate, and surpass the theoretical basis, way of thinking, and value orientation of modern mainstream culture . . It used to be just a conceptual reflection of contemporary Western social economy and politics, but with the development and popularization of network information technology in recent years, people's ability and channels to obtain information, including China, have undergone essential changes, and the organizational structure of society (specifically can be expressed as The relationship between people) is quietly shifting from a tree-like hierarchical structure to a network-like flat structure, resulting in the emergence of a "post-modern culture" that pays more attention to individual values and rights. It affects all aspects of human life and work in the form of ideology. Including web technology development.
Given that the most original goal of the Web is to provide information and information services. Therefore, the scope of Web technology originally discussed will include the development of related technologies in the entire process of a developer to achieve this goal, including language and platform, development mode, information or information service provision mode, information content organization, etc. From these aspects To discuss the influence and promotion of postmodernism thought or values on the development of Web technology.
Personalized Automatic Recommendation Technology: Subversion of Traditional Web Information Service Mode
In a flat era, personalized information services can best reflect an individual's value. That is, according to the user's knowledge structure, information needs, behavior patterns and psychological tendencies, etc. , it is targeted to create an information service environment that meets individual needs for specific users , and provide them with targeted predetermined information and services . Although the service provider is mainly motivated by profit, it still reflects the all-round respect for the value of individual life in terms of depth and breadth. In the personalized information service, the most cutting-edge research hotspot is the "personalized automatic recommendation" technology. It is a subversion of the traditional information service model. The acquisition of information is often passive and requires user participation, while personalized automatic recommendation can obtain the information recommended by the system specifically for him without any operation after the user logs in to the system. Now Baidu and Google's personalized news customization is a bit like this, but these are only in the initial stage. Personalized automatic recommendation technology is divided according to the recommendation algorithm, mainly including content-based information recommendation, collaborative information recommendation, and mixed information recommendation. Content-based recommendation, in short, is to compare the similarity between information resources and user profiles ( user profile ), and match the two, so as to recommend information to users; collaborative recommendation is mainly to compare the similarity between users. Recommendation information, which regards some users with the same or similar interests as a user group, and makes recommendations to users based on the user group's evaluation of resources. Hybrid information recommendation combines the characteristics of the previous two recommendation methods. It not only needs to compare the similarity between resources and user models - content-based recommendation, but also uses user groups with similar interests to make collaborative recommendations, combining the two Make recommendations. Personalized automatic recommendation technology is still mainly in the academic research stage. Although it is mainly used in the experimental system of the digital library project, it has a very wide application prospect in the commercial field, especially in information portals, search engines, electronic business etc.
The Semantic Web: A New Interpretation of Web Information Text
Postmodernism attaches great importance to deconstructing texts, meanings, representations and symbols. Postmodernism believes that there are infinitely many levels of interpretation possibilities for a given text, representation and symbol. In this way, literal meaning and traditional interpretation give way to author's intention and reader's reflection. This idea is almost identical to the connotation and motivation of the Semantic Web. The description and organization of Web content has come a long way. From GML , SGML , HTML to XML , RDF , metadata, etc., the Semantic Web is a new deconstruction and expression of information content based on the inheritance of past achievements. The Semantic Web is an extension of the current Web. The information on it not only has the semantics that computers can understand, but also can satisfy the efficient access and search of information by intelligent software agents. Bemers · Lee proposed a semantic-based architecture for the development of the Internet Semantic Web system. As shown in Figure 1 , from the bottom to the top of the system are: Unicode , URI , XML , RDF , Ontology , Logic , Proof , Trust . No.The l layer is Unicode and URI . This layer is the foundation of the entire Semantic Web , where Unicode is the code for processing resources, and URI is responsible for identifying resources. Layer 2 is XML+NS+xmlschema , which is used to represent the content and structure of data. The third layer is RDF+rdfschema , which is used to describe resources and their types on the Web . The fourth layer is the Ontology vocabulary layer. It is used to describe the connection between various resources. Layers 5 to 7 are logical reasoning operations based on the following 4 layers . The core layers are XML , RDF , and Ontology , and these three layers are used to represent the semantics of web information. Based on the Semantic Web , Information retrieval not only realizes the retrieval of conceptual semantic level , but also provides suggestions for further retrieval to users. No wonder the W3C organization is so confident in the Semantic Web, and even asserts that the future Web technology development is the Semantic Web development.
Figure 1 Semantic Web architecture diagram
P2P - flat distribution of information power
The traditional Internet topology is a distributed server - client application model. The characteristic of this model is that it reflects a "centralized" structure in the control of information rights, and the server is the owner of information rights. and the main issuer. This leads to the fact that the ideology on the server side (including companies or government organizations, etc.) will be the mainstream consciousness that affects the direction of the entire network society, and the ideology behind the client side—ordinary grassroots—does not have many opportunities to burn their ideas and show their power. However, the development in recent years has increasingly shown post-modern characteristics: this kind of inequality, the boundaries of this kind of power have become more and more blurred, and it is entering the Web2.0 era of flat distribution of information power, and users have begun to become the trend of network awareness The promulgating party and guiding party are no longer simple audiences. The transfer of power will inevitably lead to the transformation of network information technology, so the technology centered on the P2P architecture must be an important development direction of the future computer network topology, and it is also an important source of the technological change of the Web . The so-called Peer - to - Peer (Peer equivalent entity ) is peer-to-peer computing or peer-to-peer network, referred to as P2P , which can be defined as sharing computer resources and services through direct exchange. In the P2P network. Thousands of computers connected to each other are in a peer-to-peer position, and the entire network generally does not rely on dedicated centralized servers. Each computer in the network can act as the requester of the network server, and can respond to the requests of other computers and provide resources and services. At present, the main research directions and development trends centered on P2P are: file and information sharing between endpoints; distributed computing and storage, including grid technology; collaboration,A group of users who work together share different Internet resources with each other, but they complete a common project or task through collaborative work, which is also a hot spot in the research of Web collaborative development mode; e-commerce between users, etc.
But just as under the post-modernist ideology, due to the decentralization of power, it is easy to lead to chaos and anarchy. P2P technology also has many difficulties to be overcome due to the inability to effectively manage after "equal power": such as infringement Copyright issues, engulfing network bandwidth issues, security issues, and difficult unification of standards, etc.
Rise of Reckless Language - There is no best, only the happiest
After a fierce battle, the technical framework of Web development once resulted in a stable situation where .NET , J2EE , and LAMP stand on top of each other. However, the direct consequence of the non-centered consciousness and multiple value orientations embodied in postmodernism is that the criteria for judging the value of a language or technical framework begin to be unclear or completely blurred, and the programmer's personal experience, background, will and preferences The tendency to easily lead to "irrational choices" began to surface gradually. Traditional authoritative experts, such as the "Qizong" of the Huashan School, have taught that "at least three to five years of soaking in compilation principles, operating systems, data structures, discrete mathematics, etc. can start writing a 'Hello world ! Few people care about it, "postmodern programmers" are more pursuing the pleasure of "closing the throat with a sword" from not knowing the difference between the CD-ROM drive and the teacup holder to fixing a system in two or three months; the traditional focus is on a The user experience after the system is completed, and now the personal development experience of the program developer is also paid attention to: I am happy, so I choose!
Against this ideological background, the shocking Ruby On Rails was born. It is rooted in Ruby, a simple and fast object-oriented interpreted programming language developed by Japanese Yukihiro Matsumoto . It has simple syntax, direct and rapid, scalable, and cross-platform ; best feature,
并充分扩展。尤其对简洁的代码和开发者的直觉知识的注重，使得其大受程序员欢迎，被认为是目前最有效率的Web开发框架。当然后现代价值多元化的特性，不会造成某一种语言一统天下的局面。信息市场空间的庞大，用户个性化需求的粒度和类型的丰富，使得各种“价值观”为导向的语言或框架会在适合它自己气质的领域和空间里并存，并且彼此相互吸收有利的元素，如Java阵营的hibernate通过配和spring提供的dao层，真正把开发者从拼写sql语句中解放了出来；微软的Ajax尽管以“用户体验”取胜，但同样注重简化AJAX风格的Web应用开发，使开发者即使对JavaScript和DHTML不甚了解，也可以将浏览器UI与他们编写的其它应用无缝地集成在一起；而Ruby On Rails自身，通过表现层的一系列函数提供对AJAX的支持，提高“用户体验”的能力。
后现代Web开发的后现代解读
最近发现Matin Fowler在blog上提到了“后现代编程”，他说这个概念的提出者是James Noble和Robert Biddle，在匆匆浏览了这两位作者的几篇用“后现代风格”草就的没有任何核心主线的论文后，他自己对“后现代编程”的理解是这样的：
“将Internet当成一个大“废物堆”，挑战者们结成小组，各小组会接到相同的任务，完成这个任务只需要不超过一小时的编码工作——当然不能白手起家从轮子造起，得从“废物堆”挑拣有用的软件或服务，再找合适的“胶水”粘起来。最后大家一起交流总结。”
但从这段诙谐的“感悟”中，我们用后现代的文本解读方式，也不难分析出“后现代Web开发”某些的特质：“废物”和“挑拣”代表对信息价值的多维解读，“胶水”代表技术框架和方法，“小组”代表平等和合作，“一小时”代表效率和体验……可见，尽管后现代的Web开发中的诸多现象和趋势让人感觉扑簌迷离，但有一条宗旨是亘古不变的，那就是“用最合适的方式在最合适的时空里向用户提供最合适的信息和服务”！