[Practice] How to draw basic graphics (pie charts, scatter plots, box plots) with python?

1. Tool introduction

Python provides us with many visualization tools, such as Pandas, Seaborn, ggplot, Bokeh, pygal, Plotly, etc. Here we will use pandas to process the data and visualize the data. When performing data mining and analysis in Python, you only need to install Anaconda like ordinary software, and you can install Python environment variables, interpreters, and development environments on your computer. In addition, Anaconda also provides many scientific computing packages, such as Numpy, scpy, Pandas, and Matplotlib, as well as many packages/modules for machine learning, biomedical, and astrophysics computing, and it also comes with a Jupyter compiler. This experiment will use Anaconda to learn to use python-based pandas to make charts. If you have not downloaded Anaconda, you can use the cmd command to install the required packages, such as pip install pandas

2. Code display

import math
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from numpy import append, var 
import pandas as pd 
import math
import seaborn as sns
from sqlalchemy import false
df = pd.read_excel('savedrecs.xls')  #读取数据
data=df['Issue']
list=data.tolist()
l=[]                             #定义一个列表l，记录合法的Issue值
for i in list:                    #数据处理，以期刊的Issue字段为示例
    if isinstance(i, str):        #过滤字符串
        continue
    elif math.isnan(i):           #过滤nan值
        continue
    elif i>30:
        continue
    else:
        l.append(i)

#---------箱式图
fig = plt.figure()    
ax = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1) 
ax.boxplot(l)                    #以列表l画箱线图
plt.show()

#---------小提琴图
sns.violinplot(l)  
sns.despine()
plt.show()

#---------散点图
l_sum=[]          
for i in range(1,len(l)+1):
    l_sum.append(i)
fig = plt.figure() 
ax = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1) 
x=l_sum 
y=l
ax.scatter(x,y,c='r',marker='s',s=1)  #红色方形，大小为1
plt.show()

#---------饼图
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']='SimHei'       #设置中文显示
plt.figure(figsize=(6,6))                      #将画布设定为正方形，则绘制的饼图是正圆
label=['一等','二等','三等']                    #定义  0<=Issue<5为一等，5<=Isuue<15为二等，15<=Issue为三等
var1=0
var2=0
var3=0
for i in l:
    if i>=0 and i<5:
        var1+=1
    elif i>=5 and i<15:
        var2+=1
    elif i>=15:
        var3+=1                            #获得三个等级的各个数量
explode=[0.01,0.2,0.01]                        #设定各项距离圆心n个半径
values=[var1,var2,var3]
plt.pie(values,explode=explode,labels=label,autopct='%1.1f%%')        #绘制饼图
plt.title('2022年wos期刊Issue等级')
plt.show()


#---------气泡图
fig = plt.figure()                                #创建一个绘图对象
bu = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)                        #设置画布
bu.scatter(l_sum,l,s=l)                           #以l_sum为横坐标，l为纵坐标，大小为l绘制 
                                                  #气泡图
plt.show()

3. Results display