c++11 standard template (STL) (std::stack) (1)

Defined in the header file <stack>

template<     class T,     class Container = std::deque<T> > class stack;

 std::stackClasses are container adapters that give the programmer the functionality of a stack -- specifically a FILO (first in, last out) data structure.

The class template behaves as a wrapper around the underlying container - providing only a specific set of functions. The stack pushes and pops elements from the end of the container called the top of the stack.

template parameter

T	-	The stored element type. The behavior is undefined if Tand Container::value_typeis not the same type. (since C++17)
Container	-	The underlying container type used to store elements. A container must meet the requirements of a sequence container (SequenceContainer). Additionally, it must provide the following functions with the usual semantics: back() push_back() pop_back() The standard containers std::vector, std::deque, and std::list satisfy these requirements. If no container class is specified for a particular stackclass specialization, the standard container std::deque is used.

member type

member type	definition
container_type	Container
value_type	Container::value_type
size_type	Container::size_type
reference	Container::reference
const_reference	Container::const_reference

member function

(Constructor)	constructor stack (public member function)
(destructor)	Destructor stack (public member function)
operator=	Assign to container adapter (public member function)
element access
top	Access the top element of the stack (public member function)
capacity
empty	Check if the underlying container is empty (public member function)
size	Returns the number of elements held (public member function)
modifier
push	Insert an element to the top of the stack (public member function)
place (C++11)	Constructs element in-place at the top (public member function)
pop	Delete the top element of the stack (public member function)
swap	exchange content (public member function)
member object
Container c	underlying container (protected member object)

non-member function

operator==operator!=operator<operator<=operator>operator>=	Compares the values ​​in the stack lexicographically (function template)
std::swap(std::stack)	specialization of the std::swap algorithm (function template)

Auxiliary class

std::uses_allocator<std::stack>(C++11)

specialize the std::uses_allocator type trait (function template)

std::stackderivation guide

template<class Container> stack(Container)   -> stack<typename Container::value_type, Container>;	(1)	(since C++17)
template<class Container, class Allocator> stack(Container, Allocator)   -> stack<typename Container::value_type, Container>;	(2)	(since C++17)

为 stack 提供推导指引以允许从底层容器类型推导。此重载仅若 Alloc 满足分配器 (Allocator) ，且 Container 不满足分配器 (Allocator) ，而对于重载 (2) ，若 std::uses_allocator_v<Container, Allocator> 为 true 才参与重载决议

注意：库确定类型是否满足遗留输入迭代器 (LegacyInputIterator) 的程度是未指定的，除了最低要求是整数类型不具备输入迭代器的条件。类似地，确定类型是否满足分配器 (Allocator) 是未指定的，除了最低要求是成员类型 Alloc::value_type 必须存在，且表达式 std::declval<Alloc&>().allocate(std::size_t{}) 在作为不求值运算数时必须为良式。