Python-Fabric automation tool - deploy LNMP architecture (latest and most complete)

Python-Fabric automation tool - deploy LNMP architecture (latest and most complete)

fabric introduction

Fabric是一个高级Python(2.7-3.4+)的库和命令行工具,用来提高基于SSH的应用部署和系统管理效率.
更具体的说,Fabric是:
	1.一个让你通过命令行执行无阐述python函数的工具;
	2.一个让通过SSH执行shell命令更加容易,更符合python风格的命令库,(建立于一个更低层次的库)
自然而然的,大部分用户把这两件事结合着用,使用Fabric来写和执行Python函数或task,以实现与远程服务器的自动化交互.
官方文档:https://docs.fabfile.org/en/2.6/getting-started.html#a-note-about-imports

Fabric download and install

Download Python

#下载python
apt-get install python 或者 yum -y install python
#下载pip
apt install pip	或者 yum -y install python
#查看python+pip的版本
python -V
pip -V

Install virtualenv virtualization

#安装virtualenv虚拟化
pip install virtualenv
mkdir py && cd py/
#创建虚拟化环境
virtualenv py
#激活虚拟化环境
source py/bin/activate
#包检测
pip freeze
#退出虚拟化环境
deactivate 

Download and install fabric

#下载并安装fabric
pip install fabric fabric3
pip freeze
#查看fabric的版本
fab -V

Use python to view the variables that can call those fabrics

(py) root@hy:/home/hy/py# python
Python 3.8.5 (default, May 27 2021, 13:30:53) 
[GCC 9.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import fabric
>>> dir(fabric)
['Config', 'Connection', 'Executor', 'Group', 'GroupResult', 'Remote', 'Result', 'SerialGroup', 'Task', 'ThreadingGroup', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', '__spec__', '__version__', '__version_info__', '_version', 'config', 'connection', 'exceptions', 'executor', 'group', 'runners', 'task', 'tasks', 'transfer', 'tunnels', 'util']
>>> exit()

Fabric option parameters

parameter item	meaning
-I	Display the list of defined task functions
-f	Specify the fab entry file, the default entry file name is fabfile.py
-g	designated gateway
-H	Specify the target host, multiple hosts are separated by ","
-P	Run multi-host tasks asynchronously and in parallel, the default is serial tasks
-R	Specify the role (Role)
-u	Specifies the host username
-p	Specify host password
-t	Set device connection timeout
-T	Set the remote host command execution timeout
-w	When the command execution fails, issue a warning instead of terminating the task by default

write fabfile

Attributes	meaning	Format
env.hosts	Define multiple target hosts	env.hosts=[“10.0.0.4”,“10.0.0.5”]
env.user	define username	env.user = “root”
env.port	define port	env.port = 22
env.password	define password	env.password = 1
env.passwords	Define user names, IP addresses, ports, and passwords for multiple hosts	env.passwords = { “[email protected]:22”:“1”, }
env.gateway	define gateway	env.gateway = “10.0.0.2”
env.roledefs	Define role groupings	ren.roledefs = { “webservers”:[“10.0.0.4”,“10.0.0.5”] “dbservers”:[“10.0.0.6”,“10.0.0.7”]}
env.exclide_hosts	Exclude specified hosts, expressed as a python list
env.deploy_release_dir	Custom global variables

Commonly used APIs for local and remote operation and maintenance

method	illustrate
local	Execute local commands, such as: local('hostname')
lcd	Switch local directory, lcd('/root')
cd	Switch remote directory, cd('cd')
run	Execute remote commands, such as: run('hostname')
sudo	Sudo executes remote commands, such as: sudo('echo "123456")
put	Upload local files to remote hosts, such as: put(src,des)
get	Download files from remote host to local, such as: get(des,src)
prompt	Obtain user input information, such as: prompt ('please enter a new password:')
confirm	Obtain prompt message confirmation, such as: confirm('failed.Continue[Y/n]?')
reboot	Reboot the remote host, reboot()
@task	Function modifier, the identified function is callable by fab
@runs_once	Function modifier, the indicated function will only be executed once

output color

#输出颜色
from fabric.colors import *		#使用fabric.colors库

color	enter
yellow	yellow(“hello world”)
blue	blue(“hello world”)
red	red(“hello world”)
green	green(“hello world”)
blue	cyan(“hello world”)
Purple	magenta(“hello world”)
White	white(“hello world”)

Multi-host batch parallel operation and maintenance

#基本操作
1.指定多台主机IP或域名
env.hosts = ["10.0.0.x","10.0.0.xx","10.0.0.xxx",...]
2.指定多台主机的密码
env.passwords = {
    
    
	"[email protected]:22":"root",
	"[email protected]:22":"root",
	"[email protected]:22":"root",
	...
}
3.指定主机角色分组
env.roledefs = {
    
    
	"xxx1":["10.0.0.x","10.0.0.xx","10.0.0.xxx",...],
	"xxx2":["10.0.0.x","10.0.0.xx","10.0.0.xxx",...],
}
4.并行装饰器:@parallel

5.角色装饰器:@roles(角色)

6.主机装饰器:@hosts(主机1,主机2)

centos7 multi-host deployment-LNMP (Linux+Nginx+MySQL+PHP)

server preparation

host name	operating system	IP address	main program
win10 management machine	windows 10	10.0.0.1	Python.Fabric
web01 server	CentOS 7.6	10.0.0.13	LNMP
web02 server	CentOS 7.6	10.0.0.14	LNMP

Fabfile

# -*- codeing = utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2021/6/30 下午 02:49
# @Author : 霍義
# @File : fabric-lnmp.py
# @Software : PyCharm
from fabric.api import *

env.hosts = ["10.0.0.13", "10.0.0.14"]
env.user = "root"
env.passwords = {
    
    
    "[email protected]:22":"1",
    "[email protected]:22":"1"
}

@task
def php_install():
    a = """[php-webtatic]\nname = PHP Repository\nbaseurl = http://us-east.repo.webtatic.com/yum/el7/x86_64/\ngpgcheck = 0"""
    run("echo '%s' > /etc/yum.repos.d/php.repo" % a)
    run("yum -y install php72w php72w-cli php72w-fpm php72w-common php72w-devel php72w-embedded php72w-gd php72w-mbstring php72w-mysqlnd php72w-opcache php72w-pdo php72w-xml")

@task
def php_start():
    run("systemctl start php-fpm")
    run("systemctl enable php-fpm")
    run("systemctl status php-fpm")
    run("netstat -tnulp | grep 9000")

@task
def nginx_install():
    ng = """[nginx-stable]\nname=nginx stable repo\nbaseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/\ngpgcheck=1\nenabled=1\ngpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key\nmodule_hotfixes=true"""
    run("echo '%s' > /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo" % ng)
    run("yum -y install nginx")

@task
def nginx_start():
    run("nginx -t")
    run("systemctl start nginx")
    run("systemctl enable nginx")
    run("systemctl status nginx")
    run("netstat -tnulp | grep 80")

@task
def mariadb_install():
    run("yum -y install mariadb-server")

@task
def mariadb_start():
    run("systemctl start mariadb")
    run("systemctl enable mariadb")
    run("systemctl status mariadb")
    run("netstat -tnulp | grep 3306")

#此段需要手动执行一下.本人Python也是刚学,所以还不太熟练."0.0"
@task
def mariadb_password():
    run("mysqladmin -uroot -p password 123456")
	
@task
def mariadb_create():
    run("mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'create database wordpress;'")
    run("mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'show databases;'")
    run("systemctl status mariadb")
    run("netstat -tnulp | grep 3306")

@task
def nginx_server():
    b = """
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhosts;
    root /code/wordpress;
    index index.php index.html;

    location ~ \.php$ {
        root /code/wordpress;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}
    """
    run("mkdir /code -p")
    run("echo '%s' >> /etc/nginx/conf.d/wordpress.conf" % b)

@task
def rz_wordpress():
    put("wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz", "/opt/wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz")
    run("tar xf /opt/wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz -C /code/")

@task
def chmod_chown():
    run("chmod -R 755 /code")
    run("chmod -R 755 /etc/nginx/conf.d/wordpress.conf")
    run("chown -R root.root /code")

@task
def version_server():
    run("mysql --version")
    run("php -v")
    run("nginx -V")
    run("netstat -tnulp")

@task
def curl_I():
    run("curl -I 10.0.0.13")
    run("curl -I 10.0.0.14")

def run_all():
    execute(php_install)
    execute(php_start)
    execute(nginx_install)
    execute(nginx_start)
    execute(mariadb_install)
    execute(mariadb_start)
    execute(mariadb_password)
    execute(mariadb_create)
    execute(nginx_server)
    execute(rz_wordpress)
    execute(chmod_chown)
    execute(version_server)
    execute(curl_I)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    run_all()

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