Blockchains are currently divided into three categories, among which hybrid blockchains and private blockchains can be considered as generalized private chains
Public Blockchains (PublicBlockChains)
A public blockchain means that any individual or group in the world can send a transaction, and the transaction can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its consensus process. The public blockchain is the earliest blockchain, and it is also the most widely used (currently) blockchain. The virtual digital currencies of the major bitcoins series are all based on the public blockchain, and there is only one in the world that corresponds to this currency. blockchain.
ConsortiumBlockChains
Industry blockchain: multiple pre-selected nodes are designated within a group as bookkeepers, and the generation of each block is jointly determined by all pre-selected nodes (pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process), and other access nodes can participate in transactions, but However, if you ask about the bookkeeping process (essentially, it is still managed bookkeeping, but it becomes distributed bookkeeping, how many nodes are pre-selected, and how to determine the bookkeeper of each block to become the main risk point of the blockchain), anyone else can Qualified queries are made through the open API of the blockchain.
Private Blockchains (privateBlockChains)
Private blockchain: Only use the general ledger technology of the blockchain for bookkeeping, which can be a company or an individual, and has exclusive access to the blockchain. This chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions. the difference.
Features of Blockchain
decentralization
Due to the use of distributed accounting and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization, the rights and obligations of any node are equal, and the data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system.
openness
The system is open, except that the private information of the transaction parties is encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to everyone, and anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the entire system information is highly transparent .
autonomy
The blockchain adopts consensus-based specifications and protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms), so that all nodes in the entire system can exchange data freely and safely in a trustless environment, so that trust in "people" is changed to trust in "people". The trust of the machine, any human intervention will not work.
Information cannot be tampered with
Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid, so the data of the blockchain is stable High reliability and reliability.
anonymity
由于节点之间的交换遵循固定的算法，其数据交互是无需信任的（区块链中的程序规则会自行判断活动是否有效），因此交易对手无须通过公开身份的方式让对方自己产生信任，对信用的累积非常有帮助。
区块链概念的应用
区块链概念在艺术行业
Ascribe让艺术家们可以在使用区块链技术来声明所有权，发行可编号，限量版的作品，可以针对任何类型艺术品的数字形式。它甚至还包括了一个交易市场，艺术家们可以通过他们的网站进行买卖，而无需任何中介服务。
区块链概念在法律行业
BitProof是目前近些年来涌现的众多文档时间戳应用中最为先进的，将会让传统的公证方式成为过去。
区块链概念在开发行业
布比区块链是国内领先的区块链技术服务商，自成立以来一直专注于区块链技术与产品的研发与创新，拥有多项核心技术，并在多个方面取得了实质性的创新，形成多项核心技术成果，例如：可数学证明的分布式共识技术、快速的大规模账本存取技术、支持业务形态扩展的多链总账技术、异构区块链间的互联技术等。开发了自有的区块链基础服务平台，已在股权、供应链、积分、信用等领域开展应用。布比一直致力于以去（多）中心信任为核心，构建开放式价值流通网络，让数字资产自由流动起来。
区块链概念在金融行业
越来越多的初创公司选择保留更长时间处于私人公司阶段（暂时不进入公开发行阶段），这意味着IPO之前的交易变得再次令人关注，因为投资者希望能够获得一些流动性，也可以减少早期阶段管理层的压力。通常私营公司在处理其股份交易时，需要经过大量的非正式系统，需要大量手工作业、基于纸张的工作，需要通过人工处理纸质股票凭证、期权发放和可换票据，需要律师手动验证电子表格等等，而这可能会造成很多的人为错误。许多企业正在寻求管理股份的有效解决方案，而Linq则在这个领域提供了一个全新的选择。Linq端到端的服务覆盖私营企业证券的发行、交易、登记管理。区块链可以移除私募股权市场对纸笔或者基于电子表格的记录保存的需求，为用户提供一种不可篡改、永久保存的记录，兼具透明度和可审计性。这是这项技术拥有的最大优势。这种架构也允许用户迅速完成转换所有权，进一步降低了对手方违约、或遭第三方操纵的风险。区块链能帮助证券业达成长久以来梦寐以求的“即时交割”目标。
当大众对区块链技术还只是假设多过实际应用的时候，纳斯达克已经成为了行业领先者，并开启了一个新进程，可能会彻底改变资本市场基础设施系统的核心，尤其是对于交易结算和行政审批等过时的管理功能。不过，区块链用于证券交易存在交易结算延时较大、吞吐量较小的问题。比特币公有区块链（基于工作量证明机制）目前每秒可完成7笔交易，联盟链可以实现每秒1000~1万笔交易，而私有链可以到每秒10万笔。不过，基于股份授权证明机制的Bitshare每秒也可以达到10万笔交易（非常接近于传统的交易所），即使在恶劣情况下仍然能完成数千笔每秒的交易。相信随着技术进一步发展，区块链交易吞吐量能适应现实世界金融交易的需求。