1. Introduction to MySQL
MySQL is a relational database management system developed by the Swedish MySQL AB company and currently belongs to the Oracle company. MySQL is a relational database management system, relational databases keep data in different tables instead of keeping all the data in one big warehouse, which increases speed and improves flexibility. MySQL's SQL language is the most commonly used standardized language for accessing databases. MySQL software adopts a dual authorization policy (this entry "authorization policy"), which is divided into community edition and commercial edition. Due to its small size, fast speed, low total cost of ownership, especially open source The development of the website chooses MySQL as the website database. Due to the excellent performance of its community edition, it can form a good development environment with PHP and Apache.
To install the mysql database on Linux, we can go to its official website to download the rpm package of the mysql database, http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html#downloads, you can download the corresponding database according to your own operating system The latest version of the database file is 5.6.10.
Here I use yum to install the mysql database. In this way, some services and jar packages related to mysql can be installed for us, so a lot of unnecessary troubles are saved! ! !
2. Uninstall the original mysql
Because the mysql database is so popular on Linux, the mainstream Linux system versions downloaded at present are basically integrated with the mysql database. We can use the following command to check whether the mysql database has been installed on our operating system.
[ root@xiaoluo ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql // This command will check whether the mysql database has been installed on the operating system
If there is, we will uninstall it through the rpm -e command or the rpm -e --nodeps command
[ root@xiaoluo ~]# rpm -e mysql // Ordinary deletion mode
[ root@xiaoluo ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql // Forced deletion mode, if the above command is used to delete, it will prompt other dependent files, then use this command to force delete it
After the deletion, we can use the rpm -qa | grep mysql command to check whether mysql has been uninstalled successfully! !
3. Install mysql through yum
I use yum to install the mysql database. First, we can enter the yum list | grep mysql command to view the downloadable version of the mysql database provided on yum:
[root@xiaoluo ~]# yum list | grep mysql
You can get the downloadable version information of the mysql database on the yum server:
Then we can install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel by entering the yum install -y mysql-server mysql mysql-devel command (Note: When installing mysql, we do not install the mysql client, which is equivalent to installing the mysql database Now, we also need to install the mysql-server server)
[root@xiaoluo ~]# yum install -y mysql-server mysql mysql-deve
After waiting for a while, yum will help us choose the software required to install the mysql database and some other affiliated software
We found that installing the mysql database through yum saves a lot of unnecessary trouble. When the following result appears, it means that the mysql database installation is successful
At this point, we can use the following command to check the version of mysql-server that was just installed
[root@xiaoluo ~]# rpm -qi mysql-server
我们安装的mysql-server并不是最新版本，如果你想尝试最新版本，那就去mysql官网下载rpm包安装就行了，至此我们的mysql数据库已经安装完成了。
四、mysql数据库的初始化及相关配置
我们在安装完mysql数据库以后，会发现会多出一个mysqld的服务，这个就是咱们的数据库服务，我们通过输入 service mysqld start 命令就可以启动我们的mysql服务。
注意：如果我们是第一次启动mysql服务，mysql服务器首先会进行初始化的配置，如：
[root@xiaoluo ~]# service mysqld start
初始化 MySQL 数据库： WARNING: The host 'xiaoluo' could not be looked up with resolveip.
This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible
with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work
normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work.
This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames
when specifying MySQL privileges !
Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h xiaoluo password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /usr/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!
[确定]
正在启动 mysqld： [确定]
这时我们会看到第一次启动mysql服务器以后会提示非常多的信息，目的就是对mysql数据库进行初始化操作，当我们再次重新启动mysql服务时，就不会提示这么多信息了，如：
[root@xiaoluo ~]# service mysqld restart
停止 mysqld： [确定]
正在启动 mysqld： [确定]
我们在使用mysql数据库时，都得首先启动mysqld服务，我们可以 通过 chkconfig --list | grep mysqld 命令来查看mysql服务是不是开机自动启动，如：
[root@xiaoluo ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysqld
mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭
我们发现mysqld服务并没有开机自动启动，我们当然可以通过 chkconfig mysqld on 命令来将其设置成开机启动，这样就不用每次都去手动启动了
[root@xiaoluo ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@xiaoluo ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql
mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
mysql数据库安装完以后只会有一个root管理员账号，但是此时的root账号还并没有为其设置密码，在第一次启动mysql服务时，会进行数据库的一些初始化工作，在输出的一大串信息中，我们看到有这样一行信息 ：
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' // 为root账号设置密码
所以我们可以通过 该命令来给我们的root账号设置密码(注意：这个root账号是mysql的root账号，非Linux的root账号)
[root@xiaoluo ~]# mysqladmin -u root password 'root' // 通过该命令给root账号设置密码为 root
此时我们就可以通过 mysql -u root -p 命令来登录我们的mysql数据库了
五、mysql数据库的主要配置文件
1./etc/my.cnf 这是mysql的主配置文件
我们可以查看一下这个文件的一些信息
[root@xiaoluo etc]# ls my.cnf
my.cnf
[root@xiaoluo etc]# cat my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
2./ver/lib/mysql mysql数据库的数据库文件存放位置
我们的mysql数据库的数据库文件通常是存放在了/ver/lib/mysql这个目录下
[root@xiaoluo ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql/
[root@xiaoluo mysql]# ls -l
总用量 20488
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 10485760 4月 6 22:01 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 4月 6 22:01 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 4月 6 21:59 ib_logfile1
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 4月 6 21:59 mysql // 这两个是mysql数据库安装时默认的两个数据库文件
srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 0 4月 6 22:01 mysql.sock
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 4月 6 21:59 test // 这两个是mysql数据库安装时默认的两个数据库文件
我们可以自己创建一个数据库，来验证一下该数据库文件的存放位置
创建一个我们自己的数据库：
mysql> create database xiaoluo;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
[root@xiaoluo mysql]# ls -l
总用量 20492
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 10485760 4月 6 22:01 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 4月 6 22:01 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 4月 6 21:59 ib_logfile1
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 4月 6 21:59 mysql
srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 0 4月 6 22:01 mysql.sock
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 4月 6 21:59 test
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 4月 6 22:15 xiaoluo // 这个就是我们刚自己创建的xiaoluo数据库
[root@xiaoluo mysql]# cd xiaoluo/
[root@xiaoluo xiaoluo]# ls
db.opt
3./var/log mysql数据库的日志输出存放位置
我们的mysql数据库的一些日志输出存放位置都是在/var/log这个目录下
[root@xiaoluo xiaoluo]# cd
[root@xiaoluo ~]# cd /var/log
[root@xiaoluo log]# ls
amanda cron maillog-20130331 spice-vdagent.log
anaconda.ifcfg.log cron-20130331 mcelog spooler
anaconda.log cups messages spooler-20130331
anaconda.program.log dirsrv messages-20130331 sssd
anaconda.storage.log dmesg mysqld.log tallylog
anaconda.syslog dmesg.old ntpstats tomcat6
anaconda.xlog dracut.log piranha wpa_supplicant.log
anaconda.yum.log gdm pm-powersave.log wtmp
audit httpd ppp Xorg.0.log
boot.log ibacm.log prelink Xorg.0.log.old
btmp lastlog sa Xorg.1.log
btmp-20130401 libvirt samba Xorg.2.log
cluster luci secure Xorg.9.log
ConsoleKit maillog secure-20130331 yum.log
其中mysqld.log 这个文件就是我们存放我们跟mysql数据库进行操作而产生的一些日志信息，通过查看该日志文件，我们可以从中获得很多信息
因为我们的mysql数据库是可以通过网络访问的，并不是一个单机版数据库，其中使用的协议是 tcp/ip 协议，我们都知道mysql数据库绑定的端口号是 3306 ，所以我们可以通过 netstat -anp 命令来查看一下，Linux系统是否在监听 3306 这个端口号：
结果如上所示，Linux系统监听的3306端口号就是我们的mysql数据库！！！！