Spring uses annotations for transaction management

Steps for usage:

Step 1. Introduce the <tx:> namespace
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework. org/schema/beans/spring- beans -2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd">step

2. Beans annotated with @Transactional are automatically configured for declarative transaction support

<!-- Transaction manager configuration, Hibernate single data source transaction --> 
    < bean id = "defaultTransactionManager" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > 
        < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory"  /> 
    </ bean >
    
    <!-- 使用annotation定义事务 -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="defaultTransactionManager" proxy-target-class="true" />

Step 3. Write a @Transactional at the declaration of the interface or class.
If you only write it on the interface, the implementation class of the interface will be inherited. The specific method of the implementation class of the interface can override the setting
@Transactional / at the declaration of the class. /Class-level annotations, applicable to all public methods in the class

Transaction propagation behavior and isolation levels

When you use spring's annotated transaction management, you may be a little overwhelmed with the propagation behavior and isolation level of transactions. The following is a detailed introduction for easy reference.

Thing annotation method: @Transactional

When marked in front of a class, all methods in the marked class are processed , for example:

@Transactional
public class TestServiceBean implements TestService {}

When some methods in a class don't need things:

@Transactional
public class TestServiceBean implements TestService {   
    private TestDao dao;   
    public void setDao(TestDao dao) {
        this.dao = dao;
    }   
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
    public List<Object> getAll() {
        return null;
    }   
}

事物传播行为介绍:
@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED)
如果有事务, 那么加入事务, 没有的话新建一个(默认情况下)
@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
容器不为这个方法开启事务
@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
不管是否存在事务,都创建一个新的事务,原来的挂起,新的执行完毕,继续执行老的事务
@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.MANDATORY)
必须在一个已有的事务中执行,否则抛出异常
@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.NEVER)
必须在一个没有的事务中执行,否则抛出异常(与Propagation.MANDATORY相反)
@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.SUPPORTS)
如果其他bean调用这个方法,在其他bean中声明事务,那就用事务.如果其他bean没有声明事务,那就不用事务.

事物超时设置:
@Transactional(timeout=30) //默认是30秒

事务隔离级别:
@Transactional(isolation = Isolation.READ_UNCOMMITTED)
读取未提交数据(会出现脏读, 不可重复读) 基本不使用
@Transactional(isolation = Isolation.READ_COMMITTED)
读取已提交数据(会出现不可重复读和幻读)
@Transactional(isolation = Isolation.REPEATABLE_READ)
可重复读(会出现幻读)
@Transactional(isolation = Isolation.SERIALIZABLE)
串行化

MYSQL: 默认为REPEATABLE_READ级别
SQLSERVER: 默认为READ_COMMITTED

脏读 : 一个事务读取到另一事务未提交的更新数据
不可重复读 : 在同一事务中, 多次读取同一数据返回的结果有所不同, 换句话说,
后续读取可以读到另一事务已提交的更新数据. 相反, "可重复读"在同一事务中多次
读取数据时, 能够保证所读数据一样, 也就是后续读取不能读到另一事务已提交的更新数据
幻读 : 一个事务读到另一个事务已提交的insert数据

@Transactional注解中常用参数说明

参数名称

功能描述

readOnly

该属性用于设置当前事务是否为只读事务，设置为true表示只读，false则表示可读写，默认值为false。例如：@Transactional(readOnly=true)

rollbackFor

该属性用于设置需要进行回滚的异常类数组，当方法中抛出指定异常数组中的异常时，则进行事务回滚。例如：

指定单一异常类：@Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)

指定多个异常类：@Transactional(rollbackFor={RuntimeException.class, Exception.class})

续表）

参数名称	功能描述
rollbackForClassName	该属性用于设置需要进行回滚的异常类名称数组，当方法中抛出指定异常名称数组中的异常时，则进行事务回滚。例如：指定单一异常类名称：@Transactional(rollbackForClassName="RuntimeException") 指定多个异常类名称：@Transactional(rollbackForClassName={"RuntimeException","Exception"})
noRollbackFor	该属性用于设置不需要进行回滚的异常类数组，当方法中抛出指定异常数组中的异常时，不进行事务回滚。例如：指定单一异常类：@Transactional(noRollbackFor=RuntimeException.class) 指定多个异常类：@Transactional(noRollbackFor={RuntimeException.class, Exception.class})
noRollbackForClassName	该属性用于设置不需要进行回滚的异常类名称数组，当方法中抛出指定异常名称数组中的异常时，不进行事务回滚。例如：指定单一异常类名称：@Transactional(noRollbackForClassName="RuntimeException") 指定多个异常类名称： @Transactional(noRollbackForClassName={"RuntimeException","Exception"})
propagation	该属性用于设置事务的传播行为，具体取值可参考表6-7。例如：@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED,readOnly=true)
isolation	该属性用于设置底层数据库的事务隔离级别，事务隔离级别用于处理多事务并发的情况，通常使用数据库的默认隔离级别即可，基本不需要进行设置
timeout	该属性用于设置事务的超时秒数，默认值为-1表示永不超时

注意的几点:
1 @Transactional 只能被应用到public方法上, 对于其它非public的方法,如果标记了@Transactional也不会报错,但方法没有事务功能.

2用 spring 事务管理器,由spring来负责数据库的打开,提交,回滚.默认遇到运行期例外(throw new RuntimeException("注释");)会回滚，即遇到不受检查（unchecked）的例外时回滚；而遇到需要捕获的例外(throw new Exception("注释");)不会回滚,即遇到受检查的例外（就是非运行时抛出的异常，编译器会检查到的异常叫受检查例外或说受检查异常）时，需我们指定方式来让事务回滚要想所有异常都回滚,要加上 @Transactional( rollbackFor={Exception.class,其它异常}) .如果让unchecked例外不回滚： @Transactional(notRollbackFor=RunTimeException.class)
如下:
@Transactional(rollbackFor=Exception.class) //指定回滚,遇到异常Exception时回滚
public void methodName() {
throw new Exception("注释");

}
@Transactional(noRollbackFor=Exception.class)//指定不回滚,遇到运行期例外(throw new RuntimeException("注释");)会回滚
public ItimDaoImpl getItemDaoImpl() {
throw new RuntimeException("注释");
}

3. The @Transactional annotation should only be applied to methods with public visibility. If you use the @Transactional annotation on a protected, private or package-visible method, it will also not throw an error, but the annotated method will not display the configured transaction settings.

4. The @Transactional annotation can be applied to interface definitions and interface methods, class definitions and public methods of classes. However, please note that the mere presence of the @Transactional annotation is not sufficient to enable transactional behavior, it is merely metadata that can be used by beans that recognize the @Transactional annotation and configure appropriately transactional behavior as described above. In the above example, it is the appearance of the <tx:annotation-driven/> element that enables the transactional behavior.

5. The recommendation of the Spring team is that you use the @Transactional annotation on a specific class (or method of a class), rather than any interface that the class wants to implement. You can of course use the @Transactional annotation on an interface, but this will only work if you have an interface-based proxy set up. Because annotations are not inheritable, this means that if you are using class-based proxies, then the transaction settings will not be recognized by class-based proxies, and objects will not be wrapped by transactional proxies (will be confirmed serious). Therefore, please take the advice of the Spring team and use the @Transactional annotation on concrete classes.

Spring uses annotations for transaction management

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