(Turn) [ios] page jump value reference

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5210535/passing-data-between-view-controllers

This question seems to be very popular here on stackoverflow so I thought I would try and give a better answer to help out people starting in the world of iOS like me.

I hope this answer is clear enough for people to understand and that I have not missed anything.

Passing Data Forward

Passing data forward to a view controller from another view controller. You would use this method if you wanted to pass an object/value from one view controller to another view controller that you may be pushing on to a navigation stack.

For this example we will have ViewControllerA and ViewControllerB

To pass a BOOL value from ViewControllerA to ViewControllerB we would do the following.

in ViewControllerB.h create a property for the BOOL
```
@property(nonatomic) BOOL *isSomethingEnabled;
```
in ViewControllerA you need to tell it about ViewControllerB so use an
```
#import "ViewControllerB.h"
```
Then where you want to load the view eg. didSelectRowAtIndex or some IBAction you need to set the property in ViewControllerB before you push it onto nav stack.
```
ViewControllerB*viewControllerB =[[ViewControllerB alloc] initWithNib:@"ViewControllerB" bundle:nil];
viewControllerB.isSomethingEnabled = YES;[self pushViewController:viewControllerB animated:YES];
```
This will set isSomethingEnabled in ViewControllerB to BOOL value YES.

Passing Data Forward using Segues

If you are using Storyboards you are most likely using segues and will need this procedure to pass data forward. This is similar to the above but instead of passing the data before you push the view controller, you use a method called

-(void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue*)segue sender:(id)sender

So to pass a BOOL from ViewControllerA to ViewControllerB we would do the following:

in ViewControllerB.h create a property for the BOOL
```
@property(nonatomic) BOOL *isSomethingEnabled;
```
in ViewControllerA you need to tell it about ViewControllerB so use an
```
#import "ViewControllerB.h"
```
Create a the segue from ViewControllerA to ViewControllerB on the storyboard and give it an identifier, in this example we'll call it "showDetailSegue"

Next we need to add the method to ViewControllerA that is called when any segue is performed, because of this we need to detect which segue was called and then do something. In our example we will check for "showDetailSegue" and if thats performed we will pass our BOOLvalue to ViewControllerB

-(void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue*)segue sender:(id)sender{if([segue.identifier isEqualToString:@"showDetailSegue"]){ViewControllerB*controller =(ViewControllerB*)segue.destinationViewController;
        controller.isSomethingEnabled = YES;}}

If you have your views embedded in a navigation controller you need to change the method above slightly to the following

-(void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue*)segue sender:(id)sender{if([segue.identifier isEqualToString:@"showDetailSegue"]){UINavigationController*navController =(UINavigationController*)segue.destinationViewController;ViewControllerB*controller =(ViewControllerB*)navController.topViewController;
        controller.isSomethingEnabled = YES;}}

This will set isSomethingEnabled in ViewControllerB to BOOL value YES.

Passing Data Back

To pass data back from ViewControllerB to ViewControllerA you need to use Protocols and Delegates or Blocks, the latter can be used as a loosely coupled mechanism for callbacks.

To do this we will make ViewControllerA a delegate of ViewControllerB. This allows ViewControllerB to send a message back to ViewControllerA enabling us to send data back.

For ViewControllerA to be delegate of ViewControllerB it must conform to ViewControllerB's protocol which we have to specify. This tells ViewControllerA which methods it must implement.

In ViewControllerB.h, below the #import, but above @interface you specify the protocol.

@classViewControllerB;@protocolViewControllerBDelegate<NSObject>-(void)addItemViewController:(ViewControllerB*)controller didFinishEnteringItem:(NSString*)item;@end

next still in the ViewControllerB.h you need to setup a delegate property and synthesize in ViewControllerB.m
```
@property(nonatomic, weak) id <ViewControllerBDelegate>delegate;
```

In ViewControllerB we call a message on the delegate when we pop the view controller.

NSString*itemToPassBack =@"Pass this value back to ViewControllerA";[self.delegate addItemViewController:self didFinishEnteringItem:itemToPassBack];

That's it for ViewControllerB. Now in ViewControllerA.h, tell ViewControllerA to import ViewControllerB and conform to its protocol.
```
#import "ViewControllerB.h"@interfaceViewControllerA:UIViewController<ViewControllerBDelegate>
```

In ViewControllerA.m implement the following method from our protocol

-(void)addItemViewController:(ViewControllerB*)controller didFinishEnteringItem:(NSString*)item
{NSLog(@"This was returned from ViewControllerB %@",item);}

Before pushing viewControllerB to navigation stack we need to tell ViewControllerB that ViewControllerA is its delegate, otherwise we will get an error.

ViewControllerB*viewControllerB =[[ViewControllerB alloc] initWithNib:@"ViewControllerB" bundle:nil];
viewControllerB.delegate= self
[[self navigationController] pushViewController:viewControllerB animated:YES];

References

Using Delegation to Communicate With Other View Controllers in the View Controller Programming Guide
Delegate Pattern

Further Help

Stackoverflow Documentation on Passing data between View Controllers

There are many answers to this questions offering many different ways to perform view controller communication that would indeed work, but I don't see anywhere mentioned which one are actually best to use and which ones to avoid.

In practice, in my opinion only a few solutions are recommended:

To pass data forward:
- override the prepare(for:sender:) method of UIViewController when using a storyboard and segues
- pass data through an initializer or through properties when performing view controller transitions thtough code
To pass data backwards
- update the app shared state (which you can pass forward between view controllers with either one of the methods above)
- use delegation
- use an unwind segue

Solutions I recommend NOT to use:

Referencing the previous controller directly instead of using delegation
Sharing data through a singleton
Passing data through the app delegate
Sharing data through the user defaults
Passing data through notifications

These solutions, although working in the short term, introduce too many dependencies that will garble the architecture of the app and create more problems later.

For those interested, I wrote some articles that address these points more in depth and highlight the various drawbacks: