Every Monday's "Zhu Rongji Economic Management Theory and Practice" series of courses is really exciting. There are many famous people. Qian Yingyi, Lou Jiwei and Wei Jie have already talked about it. This is the 4th course. The content of the lectures was simply sorted out to increase the impression.
1. Rural policies after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee
1. Recuperate and use foreign exchange to import food;
2. After 1979, increase the purchase price of grain;
3. Grain over-purchase system, greatly increasing the purchase price;
2. The different stages of the 1980s
1. From 1979 to 1984, the per capita income of the city in 1978 was 134 yuan, and the purchase and sale structure was upside down;
2. In the grain reform in 1985, financial subsidies were cancelled, planned purchases were cancelled, and contract purchases were implemented. "Inverting the price of Panax notoginseng", resulting in a decrease in grain production;
3. From 1985 to 1988, the grain output was in a stagnant stage;
4. In 1989, the purchase price of grain was raised, and the output was relatively stable after that;
5. Throughout the 1980s, there were two main contradictions
(1) Contradictions among farmers, citizens, and finance;
(2) Contradictions between the central government, local governments, and grain enterprises;
3. The Situation During Zhu Rongji's Presidency
1. In the autumn of 1992, the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the food stamps were cancelled in 1993; the wage reform, the per capita income of the urban population increased; the CPI fluctuated by 14%;
2. In 1993, the economy was overheated, infrastructure was expanded, inflation, and food prices rose;
Four or nine years of food reform, divided into two stages
1. In response to the food reform under inflation, it exceeded 1 trillion kilograms in 1996;
2. After 1996, the reform after the food supply increased
(1) In 1997, Zhu Rongji raised the question of what to do when there is too much food;
(2) 2 markets, state-owned grain enterprises and private grain enterprises;
(3) Problems of state-owned grain stores: a. poor service, poor quality and high price; b. arbitrage; c. large inventory;
(4) In October 1996, the state-owned grain store was reformed to protect the interests of farmers;
V. System and Mechanism of Reform
1. Contents of the reform in 1997 (operating mechanism)
(1) Purchase of grain at a protected price;
(2) Sales of grains at the same price;
(3) Grain purchase is closed, and the Agricultural Development Bank manages;
2. Food system issues
(1) Four separations: separation of government and enterprise, separation of operating reserves, distribution by the central and local governments, separation of new and old accounts;
3. It was mentioned in the 1998 Food Reform Conference that more than 200 billion yuan was gone, and most of it was wasted, mainly due to institutional problems;
4. In 2000, the central grain reserve was established;
5. Because the three policies could not be implemented in the end, mainly because the four separations could not be achieved;
6. From 1998 to 2002, grain continued to decline;
6. Four inspirations from food reform
1. Pay attention to the status of food;
2. Pay attention to national conditions, farmers' issues, and migrant workers' issues;
3. The fluctuation of food prices is not necessarily a relationship between supply and demand;
4. The system is the core of the mechanism, and deepening the system reform is the key point;
7. Three major events in rural reform and development
1. After the flood in 1998, the land was returned to the lake, and many water conservancy projects were established;
2. Soil and water loss in the upper reaches, returning farmland to forest;
3. The reform of rural taxes and fees will be piloted first in Anhui, then in Jiangsu Province, and then gradually implemented nationwide;
Attachment: Concept
Over-purchasing of grain: From 1965 to 1985, in order to meet the needs of supply, the state implemented a purchasing method of purchasing part of surplus grain appropriately on the basis of determining the purchasing base in areas with good harvests.
Inverted Panax notoginseng price: The comprehensive average purchase price calculated according to the ratio of 30% of the original price of grain purchased by the state and 70% of the original price of over-purchased grain.
Tiao: tiao (four tones) means to sell. Generally, farmers say Tiao grain when they sell grain.
Bian: di (two tones) means to buy. Generally, farmers say Bian when they buy grain.