Django creates the first project

In this chapter, we will introduce the Django management tool and how to use Django to create a project. For the first project, we will command the project with HelloWorld.

Test release notes:

Python 2.7.10
Django 1.10.6

Django admin tool

After installing Django, you should now have the admin tool django-admin.py available. We can use django-admin.py to create a project:

We can take a look at the command introduction of django-admin.py:

[root@solar ~]# django-admin.py
Usage: django-admin.py subcommand [options][args]Options:-v VERBOSITY,--verbosity=VERBOSITY
                        Verbosity level;0=minimal output,1=normal output,2=verbose output,3=very verbose output
  --settings=SETTINGS   ThePython path to a settings module, e.g."myproject.settings.main".Ifthis isn't provided, the
                        DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable will be
                        used.
  --pythonpath=PYTHONPATH
                        A directory to add to the Python path, e.g.
                        "/home/djangoprojects/myproject".
  --traceback           Raise on exception
  --version             show program's version number andexit-h,--help            show this help message andexitType'django-admin.py help <subcommand>'for help on a specific subcommand.Available subcommands:[django]
    check
    cleanup
    compilemessages
    createcachetable
... omitted part...

Create your first project

Use django-admin.py to create the HelloWorld project:

django-admin.py startproject HelloWorld

*The command entered in which folder directory is created in which folder

After the creation is complete, we can view the directory structure of the following project:

$ cd HelloWorld/
$ tree
.|--HelloWorld||-- __init__.py
||-- settings.py
||-- urls.py
|`-- wsgi.py
`-- manage.py

Directory Description:

HelloWorld: The container for the project.
manage.py: A useful command-line tool that lets you interact with this Django project in various ways.
HelloWorld/__init__.py: An empty file that tells Python that this directory is a Python package.
HelloWorld/settings.py: Settings/configuration for this Django project.
HelloWorld/urls.py: The URL declaration for this Django project; a "directory" of websites powered by Django.
HelloWorld/wsgi.py: The entry point for a WSGI compatible web server to run your project.

Next we enter the HelloWorld directory and enter the following command to start the server:

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

0.0.0.0 allows other computers to connect to the development server, and 8000 is the port number. If not specified, the port number defaults to 8000.

*In pycharm, it is possible to:

Enter the ip and port number of your server in the browser. If it starts normally, the output is as follows:

View and URL Configuration

Create a new view.py file in the HelloWorld directory under the previously created HelloWorld directory and enter the code:

HelloWorld/HelloWorld/view.py file code:

 
   from 
   django 
   . 
   http 
   import 
   HttpResponse 
   defhello(request):returnHttpResponse("Hello world ! ")

Next, bind the URL to the view function. Open the urls.py file, delete the original code, and copy and paste the following code into the urls.py file:

HelloWorld/HelloWorld/urls.py file code:

 
   from 
   django 
   . 
   conf 
   . 
   urls 
   import 
   url 
   

 
   from 
    .  
   import 
   view 
   

 
   urlpatterns 
    =  
   [ 
   
     
   url 
   ( 
   r 
   ' 
   ^$ 
   ' 
   ,  
   view 
   . 
   hello 
   ) 
   ,
 
   ] 
  

整个目录结构如下：

$ tree
.|--HelloWorld||-- __init__.py
||-- __init__.pyc
||-- settings.py
||-- settings.pyc
||-- urls.py              # url 配置||-- urls.pyc
||-- view.py              # 添加的视图文件||-- view.pyc             # 编译后的视图文件||-- wsgi.py
|`-- wsgi.pyc
`-- manage.py

完成后，启动 Django 开发服务器，并在浏览器访问打开浏览器并访问：

我们也可以修改以下规则：

HelloWorld/HelloWorld/urls.py 文件代码：

 
   from 
   django 
   . 
   conf 
   . 
   urls 
   import 
   url 
   

 
   from 
    .  
   import 
   view 
   

 
   urlpatterns 
    =  
   [ 
   
     
   url 
   ( 
   r 
   ' 
   ^hello$ 
   ' 
   ,  
   view 
   . 
   hello 
   ) 
   ,
 
   ] 
  

通过浏览器打开 http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello，输出结果如下：

注意：项目中如果代码有改动，服务器会自动监测代码的改动并自动重新载入，所以如果你已经启动了服务器则不需手动重启。

url() 函数

Django url() 可以接收四个参数，分别是两个必选参数：regex、view 和两个可选参数：kwargs、name，接下来详细介绍这四个参数。

regex: 正则表达式，与之匹配的 URL 会执行对应的第二个参数 view。
view: 用于执行与正则表达式匹配的 URL 请求。
kwargs: 视图使用的字典类型的参数。
name: 用来反向获取 URL。

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