Linux is not as intuitive as windows to view the hardware information of the system. Here I have listed the practical commands for viewing system information, and made a classification and example explanation.
cpu
lscpu command to view the cpu statistics.
blue@blue-pc:~$ lscpu Architecture: i686 #cpuarchitecture CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian #Osamu Obi CPU(s): 4 #There are 4 cores in total On -line CPU(s) list: 0 - 3 Thread(s) per core: 1 #Each cpu core can only support one thread, that is, hyperthreading is not supported Core(s) per socket: 4 #each cpu, there are 4 cores Socket(s): 1 #There is a total of 1 cpu Vendor ID: GenuineIntel #cpu产商 intel CPU family: 6 Model: 42 Stepping: 7 CPU MHz: 1600.000 BogoMIPS: 5986.12 Virtualization: VT - x #Support cpu virtualization technology L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 6144K
View /proc/cpuinfo, you can know the information of each cpu, such as the model and frequency of each CPU.
#cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 42 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320 CPU @ 3.00GHz .....
The above output is the first cpu part of the information, and there are 3 cpu information omitted.
RAM
Overview of memory usage
free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3926 3651 274 0 12 404 -/+ buffers/cache: 3235 691 Swap: 9536 31 9505
这里的单位是MB，总共的内存是3926MB。
查看内存详细使用
# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 4020868 kB MemFree: 230884 kB Buffers: 7600 kB Cached: 454772 kB SwapCached: 836 kB .....
查看内存硬件信息
dmidecode -t memory # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0008, DMI type 16, 23 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard .... Maximum Capacity: 32 GB .... Handle 0x000A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes .... Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0008 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB .....
我的主板有4个槽位，只用了一个槽位，上面插了一条4096MB的内存。
磁盘
查看硬盘和分区分布
# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 9.3G 0 part [SWAP] ├─sda3 8:3 0 74.5G 0 part / ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 111.8G 0 part /home └─sda6 8:6 0 269.2G 0 part
显示很直观
如果要看硬盘和分区的详细信息
# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00023728 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2148351 1073152 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2148352 21680127 9765888 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 21680128 177930239 78125056 83 Linux /dev/sda4 177932286 976771071 399419393 5 Extended/dev/sda5 177932288 412305407 117186560 83 Linux /dev/sda6 412307456 976771071 282231808 83 Linux
网卡
查看网卡硬件信息
# lspci | grep -i 'eth' 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06)
查看系统的所有网络接口
# ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:以太网 硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f ..... lo Link encap:本地环回 .....
或者是
ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state DOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
如果要查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如eth0的详细参数和指标
# ethtool eth0 Settings for eth0: Supported ports: [ TP MII ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #支持千兆半双工，全双工模式 Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自适应模式，一般都支持 Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默认使用自适应模式 Link partner advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full ..... Speed: 100Mb/s #现在网卡的速度是100Mb,网卡使用自适应模式，所以推测路由是100Mb，导致网卡从支持千兆，变成要支持百兆 Duplex: Full #全双工 ..... Link detected: yes #表示有网线连接，和路由是通的
其他
查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。
lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #显卡 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #声卡 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽 00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #网卡 03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)
如果要更详细的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv
如果要看设备树:lscpi -t
查看bios信息
# dmidecode -t bios ...... BIOS Information Vendor: American Megatrends Inc. Version: 4.6.5 Release Date: 04/25/2012 ....... BIOS Revision: 4.6 ......
dmidecode dumps the DMI (Desktop Management Interface) information of the machine in a readable way. This information includes hardware and BIOS, and you can get both the current configuration and the maximum configuration supported by the system, such as the maximum number of supported memory .
If you want to see all useful information
dmidecode -q
It contains a lot of hardware information.
https://www.cnblogs.com/ggjucheng/archive/2013/01/14/2859613.html