ls -la /etc
ls is willing to be list , the path where the command is located: /bin/ls
-a --all Display all files, including hidden files , hidden files start with the dot . For the file name , such as: .bashrc
-l detail display long format display
-d View directory attributes, only view the directory, excluding files, subdirectories, etc. under it
-I to see the ID of the file
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 4
-rw-------. 1 root root 1283 Apr 22 16:09 anaconda-ks.cfg
1 Reference base for a file?
root owner user/owner , usually the creator
The group to which the root group belongs, the set of users
1283 file size, in bytes
Apr 22 16:09 File last modified time
anaconda-ks.cfg filename
1283 shows the bytes. If the file is too large, it is very difficult to read. You can use the -h command to display the human -friendly display and automatically modify the unit.
[root@localhost ~]# ls -lh
total 4.0K
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.3K Apr 22 16:09 anaconda-ks.cfg
User ID:
U/user G/group O/others
Owner belongs to other groups
[root@localhost /]# ll
total 16
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Apr 22 15:57 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Apr 22 16:09 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 3100 Apr 22 23:36 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 74 root root 8192 Apr 22 23:36 etc
Bit 1 : File Type
d directory represents the directory
l linkSoft link
<!--[if !supportLists]--> - - <!--[endif]--> means it is a file
Bit 234 : User 's permissions
rwx read write execute
Bit 456 : Permissions of the Group
rx read and execute permission, no write permission
Bit 789 : Other permissions
rx read and execute permission, no write permission