Educational Codeforces Round 32 D. Almost Identity Permutations

D. Almost Identity Permutations

time limit per test

2 seconds

memory limit per test

256 megabytes

input

standard input

output

standard output

A permutation p of size n is an array such that every integer from 1 to n occurs exactly once in this array.

Let's call a permutation an almost identity permutation iff there exist at least n - k indices i (1 ≤ i ≤ n) such that pi = i.

Your task is to count the number of almost identity permutations for given numbers n and k.

Input

The first line contains two integers n and k (4 ≤ n ≤ 1000, 1 ≤ k ≤ 4).

Output

Print the number of almost identity permutations for given n and k.

Examples

input

Copy

4 1

output

1

input

Copy

4 2

output

7

input

Copy

5 3

output

31

input

Copy

5 4

output

76

Question meaning: 0~k(1<=k<=4) number of different books placed in different positions

Idea: staggered, opening ll c1000 will burst int when preprocessing the number of combinations

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define PI acos(-1.0)
#define push_back pb
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

const int MAX_N=1e6+50;
const int MOD=1e9+7;
const int INF=0x3f3f3f3f;

ll c[1005][1005];
int D[10];
/// Staggered formula D[0]=1, D[1]=0, D[2]=1, D[n]=(n-1)*(D[n-1]+D[n- 2]);

void init(){
    c[0][0]=c[1][0]=c[1][1]=1;
    for(int i=2;i<=1000;i++){
        c[i][0]=1;
        for(int j=1;j<=i&&j<=4;++j) c[i][j]=c[i-1][j]+c[i-1][j-1];
    }
    D[0]=1;
    D[1]=0;
    D[2]=1;
    D[3]=2;
    D[4]=9;
}

int main(void){
    init();
    int n,k;
    cin >> n>>k;
    ll ans=1;
    for(int i=2;i<=k;i++){
        ans+=c[n][i]*(i-1)*(D[i-1]+D[i-2]); //c[n][i] is the same as c[n][ni]
    }
    cout << ans << endl;
    return 0;
}