1.obj-y +=xxx.o This module is compiled to zImage
obj-m +=xxx.o The module will not be compiled to zImage, but a standalone xxx.ko will be generated statically compiled (modular)
2.scull driver (scull is a piece of memory in the kernel, not a specific device, generally used for testing)
Add the scull driver code to the drivers/char directory of the kernel source code (the purpose is to see the data structure of the kernel)
ls -l to see the device type, major device number and minor device number
cat /proc/devices to view the current major device number
3. Core data structure:
struct file_operations scull_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .llseek = scull_llseek, .read = scull_read, .write = scull_write, .ioctl = scull_ioctl, .open = scull_open, .release = scull_release, };
//struct scull_dev struct scull_dev { struct scull_qset *data; /* Pointer to first quantum set */ int quantum; /* the current quantum size */ int qset; /* the current array size */ unsigned long size; /* amount of data stored here */ unsigned int access_key; /* used by sculluid and scullpriv */ struct semaphore sem; /* mutual exclusion semaphore */ struct cdev cdev; /* Char device structure*/ };
/* * NOTE: * read, write, poll, fsync, readv, writev, unlocked_ioctl and compat_ioctl * can be called without the big kernel lock held in all filesystems. */ struct file_operations { struct module *owner; loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int); ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *); ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *); ssize_t (*aio_read) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t); ssize_t (*aio_write) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t); int (*readdir) (struct file *, void *, filldir_t); unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *); int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long); long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long); long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long); int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *); int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *); int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id); int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *); int (*fsync) (struct file *, struct dentry *, int datasync); int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync); int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int); int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *); ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int); unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long); int (*check_flags)(int); int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *); ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int); ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int); int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **); };
struct cdev { struct kobject kobj; struct module *owner; const struct file_operations *ops; struct list_head list; dev_t dev; unsigned int count; };