In this step, we used the basic knowledge of selenium, as well as the content of some unittest and PyYaml libraries. Students who have questions can refer to my previous blog:
Python Selenium Automation Testing Explains
Python's must-have unit testing framework - unittest
automation project configuration or Recommended use case file format – yaml
Let's create a simple script first, create test_baidu.py in the test folder:
import os
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
URL = "http://www.baidu.com"
base_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + '\..'
driver_path = os.path.abspath(base_path+'\drivers\chromedriver.exe')
locator_kw = (By.ID, 'kw')
locator_su = (By.ID, 'su')
locator_result = (By.XPATH, '//div[contains(@class, "result")]/h3/a')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)
driver.get(URL)
driver.find_element(*locator_kw).send_keys('selenium 灰蓝')
driver.find_element(*locator_su).click()
time.sleep(2)
links = driver.find_elements(*locator_result)
for link in links:
print(link.text)
driver.quit()
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The script opens chrome, enters "selenium gray-blue", and prints out the title of all results.
Do I need to create another script if I want to search for "Python selenium"? Or modify the original script?
Or we can use unittest to change it, and write a test method for each of the two searches:
import os
import time
import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
class TestBaiDu(unittest.TestCase):
URL = "http://www.baidu.com"
base_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + '\..'
driver_path = os.path.abspath(base_path+'\drivers\chromedriver.exe')
locator_kw = (By.ID, 'kw')
locator_su = (By.ID, 'su')
locator_result = (By.XPATH, '//div[contains(@class, "result")]/h3/a')
def setUp(self):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=self.driver_path)
self.driver.get(self.URL)
def tearDown(self):
self.driver.quit()
def test_search_0(self):
self.driver.find_element(*self.locator_kw).send_keys('selenium 灰蓝')
self.driver.find_element(*self.locator_su).click()
time.sleep(2)
links = self.driver.find_elements(*self.locator_result)
for link in links:
print(link.text)
def test_search_1(self):
self.driver.find_element(*self.locator_kw).send_keys('Python selenium')
self.driver.find_element(*self.locator_su).click()
time.sleep(2)
links = self.driver.find_elements(*self.locator_result)
for link in links:
print(link.text)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
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Now, we extract the configuration into config.yml:
URL: http://www.baidu.com
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In order to read yaml files, we need a class that wraps YamlReader, create a file_reader.py file in utils:
import yaml
import os
class YamlReader:
def __init__(self, yamlf):
if os.path.exists(yamlf):
self.yamlf = yamlf
else:
raise FileNotFoundError('文件不存在！')
self._data = None
@property
def data(self):
# 如果是第一次调用data，读取yaml文档，否则直接返回之前保存的数据
if not self._data:
with open(self.yamlf, 'rb') as f:
self._data = list(yaml.safe_load_all(f)) # load后是个generator，用list组织成列表
return self._data
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And we need a Config class to read the configuration, config.py:
"""
读取配置。这里配置文件用的yaml，也可用其他如XML,INI等，需在file_reader中添加相应的Reader进行处理。
"""
import os
from utils.file_reader import YamlReader
# 通过当前文件的绝对路径，其父级目录一定是框架的base目录，然后确定各层的绝对路径。如果你的结构不同，可自行修改。
# 之前直接拼接的路径，修改了一下，用现在下面这种方法，可以支持linux和windows等不同的平台，也建议大家多用os.path.split()和os.path.join()，不要直接+'\\xxx\\ss'这样
BASE_PATH = os.path.split(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))[0]
CONFIG_FILE = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, 'config', 'config.yml')
DATA_PATH = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, 'data')
DRIVER_PATH = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, 'drivers')
LOG_PATH = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, 'log')
REPORT_PATH = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, 'report')
class Config:
def __init__(self, config=CONFIG_FILE):
self.config = YamlReader(config).data
def get(self, element, index=0):
"""
yaml是可以通过'---'分节的。用YamlReader读取返回的是一个list，第一项是默认的节，如果有多个节，可以传入index来获取。
这样我们其实可以把框架相关的配置放在默认节，其他的关于项目的配置放在其他节中。可以在框架中实现多个项目的测试。
"""
return self.config[index].get(element)
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Modify test_baidu.py:
import time
import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from utils.config import Config, DRIVER_PATH
class TestBaiDu(unittest.TestCase):
URL = Config().get('URL')
locator_kw = (By.ID, 'kw')
locator_su = (By.ID, 'su')
locator_result = (By.XPATH, '//div[contains(@class, "result")]/h3/a')
def setUp(self):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=DRIVER_PATH + '\chromedriver.exe')
self.driver.get(self.URL)
def tearDown(self):
self.driver.quit()
def test_search_0(self):
self.driver.find_element(*self.locator_kw).send_keys('selenium 灰蓝')
self.driver.find_element(*self.locator_su).click()
time.sleep(2)
links = self.driver.find_elements(*self.locator_result)
for link in links:
print(link.text)
def test_search_1(self):
self.driver.find_element(*self.locator_kw).send_keys('Python selenium')
self.driver.find_element(*self.locator_su).click()
time.sleep(2)
links = self.driver.find_elements(*self.locator_result)
for link in links:
print(link.text)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
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We have separated the configuration, although it may seem cumbersome now, but think if you have 50 use case files or more, once the project URL changes, do you have to modify them one by one?
I have put all the codes on GITHUB for transmission . You can download and learn by yourself. If you have any good suggestions or questions, you can leave a message or add my QQ group: 455478219 to discuss.