The current situation of the operating system is one-third of the world: unix, linux, windows. It is recommended to learn linux, mainly to master basic server management and configuration commands, and be able to write shell scripts for deployment and automated management.
2. Server
Nginx and Apache are common servers. These two servers have their own characteristics, and I can't say which one is better than the other here. There are also many comparisons and discussions on the performance of the two services available online.
3. Database
Databases include Mysql, Oracle, SQL server, etc. These are relational databases, as well as non-relational databases: memcached, mongodb, redis, etc. It is recommended to understand the characteristics of various databases, and choose the best match according to your own business model.
4. Development language
There are many development languages such as python, php, perl, c++, java... Basically most languages can develop the background. Each language has its own features and frameworks, and many companies use these languages.
As far as I know, there are Zhihu, Douban, and quora that use python as the background development, and most new Internet companies now tend to use python as the background development language.
As a background development, python can mainly achieve rapid development, and there are many development frameworks to choose from, such as: flask, django, tornado, bottle, etc. It is recommended to understand the characteristics of these frameworks.
5. TCP/IP protocol
Know the basic protocols: HTTP, DNS, SMTP, SNMP. . .
6. Data exchange format
protobuf、json、xml。。。
The most space-saving and fastest among them is protobuf, generally just use json, json is better than xml in terms of space and speed. If you are looking for space saving and speed, use protobuf.
It is recommended to use nginx+uWSGI+flask
flask是python的一个轻量级框架，上面有介绍。
nginx主要是处理静态的请求，动态的交给uWSGI。
uWSGI是一个服务器，使用它可以很方便的部署python应用，而且处理速度也比较快。
You can find a lot of configuration introductions about nginx+uWSGI+flask on the Internet