1. Modify permissions for all files in a folder: • chmod –R 777 aa (-R recursively change the specified directory and the owner of the files in it) • Directory /his and its file directory, chown - R www.www /his (the first www represents the owner of the file, and the second www represents the group name) • #drw-r-xr-- 3 root root 4096 Nov 5 2016 file means: the first 3 (rw-) belong to the owner, the middle belongs to the group, and the last 3 belong to other users (the first d means directory) 2. Move the file mv aa bb • Copy the folder www to bak: cp -r www/ /ibos/bak/ • Rename can also be this: mv ab 3. Find the file find / -name aaa: where / is the root directory, use "." for the current directory; -name is the name, case-insensitive, use -iname 4、 • zip： ○ Unzip: unzip test.zip -d /tmp ○ Compression: zip -r mydata.zip mydata #compress the mydata directory • tar: (-z: with gzip attribute, -x: decompression, -c: create a compressed file, -v: display all processes, -f: use the file name, this parameter is the last parameter, only the file can be followed name) ○ Unzip the tar zxvf filename.tar.gz ○ compressed tar zcvf filename.tar.gz targetname 5. Shutdown and restart: shutdown -h now, shutdown -r now 6. Start the server httpd: httpd service start 7. Clear screen ctrl + l 8. Ubuntu View the version number: sudo lsb_release -a 9. apache2 start and stop: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/star-stop-restart-apache2-webserver/ • systemctl start apache2.service 10. cat: view the file cat filename; create a file cat >filename 11. View the process: ps -ef, filter by grep: ps -ef | grep nginx. The | is called a pipe, which means: treat the result of the previous command as the input of the next command; grep is full-text regular matching printing, and nginx is its parameter 12. Add as system service: http://blog.csdn.net/awj3584/article/details/38036539 13. File transfer method: https://www.cnblogs.com/wfwenchao/p/6008959.html • rsync ： rsync -av [email protected]: /ibos/bak/data.tar.zg / ibos / bak / 14. Check the folder size: du xxx/ , du -sh xxx/ (do not display other sub-files) 15. Install jdk (java): • Install JDK with yum yum search java|grep jdk yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk (select the version and install it) .set environment variables [root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/profile Add the following to the profile file #set java environment JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86_64 JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH 16. Test address and port: telnet ip port: telnet 45.111.222.2 4444 You can also use online port scanning (Google online port scanning) 17. Check the port occupancy and kill: lsof -i:4444 netstat -anp|grep 4444 kill -9 15001 • netstat -nupl (UDP type port) • netstat -ntpl (TCP type port) a means all, n means do not query dns, t means tcp protocol, u means udp protocol, p means query occupied programs, l means query listening programs • netstat -ntpl|grep 3306 //This means to find the process in the listening state with port number 3306 18. Create a connection command ln -s Soft link: ln -s source file (existing file) object file (non-existing link): ln -s www2 www 19. Compile the installer from source code: http://blog.csdn.net/u010657789/article/details/51789209 20. Modify dns: vi /etc/resolv.conf 21. Pagoda Linux Control Panel 22. Closing the window can still run in the background: • screen： http://man.linuxde.net/screen http://bg.artuion.com/linux/325.html ○ Installation: yum install screen -y ○ Create a session: screen -S yourname ○ Then you can enter the command and close the window ○ List existing sessions: screen -ls ○ Reconnect the session: screen -r 12865xxx ○ screen -d yourname -> detach a session remotely ○ Create a window: Under screen, Ctrl+c is to create a new window Can -> Next, switch to the next window Cap -> Previous, switch to the previous window Ca 0..9 -> switch to the 0..9th window 23. Set/cancel proxy ○ export http_proxy=127.0.0.1:8080 export https_proxy=127.0.0.1:8080 (Specify the proxy server addresses used by the http and https protocols respectively. Generally, there is ss or other software on the server monitoring 127.0.0.1:8080, so that it can be accessed through the software) To cancel this setting: unset http_proxy unset https_proxy To set http/https proxy in Linux system, add the following environment variables in /etc/bashrc or /etc/profile 24. Prevent ssh violent login denyhosts • http://blog.csdn.net/hjd199464/article/details/78315909 • http://blog.csdn.net/wanglei_storage/article/details/50849070 • Question: http://blog.51cto.com/linuxroad/673425 25. Disk view: df -hl 26. When accessing php as a file: https://blog.csdn.net/u013381397/article/details/77891947 location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi.conf; } • Means: Rule: Any access with php suffix, nginx will give these access to fastcgi_pass, and fastcgi_pass is at 127.0.0.1:9000. 27、OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot () http://blog.51cto.com/ggvylf/1658850 28. It is the command to check and repair the linux file system: fsck -y /xxxxx mount 29. php-fpm restart: find the master process of php-fpm, and then kill, as follows ps -ef | grep php-fpm kill -USR2 xxxx(pid) 30. View phpinfo under Linux: php -r 'phpinfo();'