Error reporting of python3's urllib and urllib2

1.

urllib.urlencode(params)

replace with

urllib.parse.urlencode(params)

2.

After python3.3, urllib2 can no longer be used, and can only be replaced by urllib.request
response=urllib2.urlopen('
  File "b.py", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named 'urllib2'

Change urllib2 to urllib.request to run normally
import urllib.request
print(urllib.request.__file__)

3.

 

When learning crawlers, I encountered a problem when using postdata:

POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes

At first, I thought that there was a problem with my own code, but after comparing the tutorial and my own code, there was no error.

I checked on the Internet and I can use the following statement to solve it.

data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values).encode(encoding='UTF8')

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