How to use nginx + uwsgi socket to deploy Django projects on ubuntu in detail

foreword

Compared with learning Django, deployment should be a more difficult item in the whole process, especially for some self-learners. For those who have never contacted the server, I believe that this part has persuaded many people! It was the same when I was studying!
Today, Spicy Tiaojun will give you a detailed disassembly and analysis, so that you can avoid detours and fill in holes~

1 Test on the development server

Run the development server test to ensure that the website can be opened normally under the development server.

cd 项目目录
python manage.py runserver

2 Install nginx and required packages

sudo apt-get install python-dev nginx

3 Deploy with uwsgi

install uwsgi

sudo pip install uwsgi --upgrade

Run the project with uwsgi

uwsgi --http :8001 --chdir /path/to/project --home=/path/to/env --module project.wsgi

This can be run, -home specifies the virtualenv path, if not, you can remove it. project.wsgi refers to the project/wsgi.py file

Note: If the prompt port is occupied, we can first find out the process number corresponding to the port, and then kill the process

lsof -i :8001    # 根据端口后进行查询 查询结果中的PID就是进程号,如果相关进程有多个，那就杀多个

sudo kill -9 进程号   #根据进程号杀死进程

4 Use supervisor to manage processes

Install the supervisor package

(sudo) pip install supervisor

Generate the supervisor default configuration file, for example, we put it in the /etc/supervisord.conf path:

(sudo) echo_supervisord_conf > /etc/supervisord.conf

Open supervisor.conf and add at the bottom (do not have spaces before each line to prevent errors):

[program:fmxm]
command=/path/to/uwsgi --http :8003 --chdir /path/to/fuxm --module fmxm.wsgi
directory=/path/to/fmxm
startsecs=0
stopwaitsecs=0
autostart=true
autorestart=true

Write the corresponding command in command, so that it can be managed by supervisor.

start supervisor

(sudo) supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf

Restart the project:

(sudo) supervisorctl -c /etc/supervisord.conf restart fmxm

Start, stop, or restart a program or all programs managed by the supervisor:

(sudo) supervisorctl -c /etc/supervisord.conf [start|stop|restart] [program-name|all]

Taking uwsgi as an example, the above one-line command is too long. We use the ini configuration file to do it. For example, the project is in the location of /home/tu/fmxm.

Create a new uwsgi.ini in it and the full path is /home/tu/fmxm/uwsgi.ini

[uwsgi]
socket = /home/tu/fmxm/fmxm.sock
chdir = /home/tu/fmxm
wsgi-file = fmxm/wsgi.py
touch-reload = /home/tu/fmxm/reload
 
processes = 2
threads = 4
 
chmod-socket = 664
chown-socket = tu:www-data
 
vacuum = true

Note the /home/tu/fmxm/fmxm.sock above, we'll associate it with nginx in a moment.

Create a new blank reload file on the project, as long as you touch this file (touch reload) the project will restart.

Note: It is not recommended to put sock files under /tmp, such as /tmp/xxx.sock (not recommended)!
The temporary files of some

sudo mkdir -p /tmp2/ && sudo chmod 777 /tmp2/  #然后可以用 /tmp2/fmxm.sock 这样的路径了

Modify the command line in the supervisor configuration file:

[program:fmxm]
command=/path/to/uwsgi --ini /home/tu/fmxm/uwsgi.ini
directory=/path/to/fmxm
startsecs=0

Then restart the supervisor:

(sudo) supervisorctl -c /etc/supervisord.conf restart fmxm
或者
(sudo) supervisorctl -c /etc/supervisord.conf restart all

5 Configure Nginx

Create a new configuration file

sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/fmxm.conf

write the following

server {
    
    
    listen      80;
    server_name www.ziqiangxuetang.com;
    charset     utf-8;
 
    client_max_body_size 75M;
 
    location /media  {
    
    
        alias /path/to/project/media;
    }
 
    location /static {
    
    
        alias /path/to/project/static;
    }
 
    location / {
    
    
        uwsgi_pass  unix:///home/tu/fmxm/fmxm.sock;
        include     /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params;
    }
}

Activate website

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/fmxm.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/fmxm.conf

Test configuration syntax

sudo service nginx configtest 或 /path/to/nginx -t

Restart the nginx server:

sudo service nginx reload 或 sudo service nginx restart 或 /path/to/nginx -s reload