A Linux monitoring platform introduction
Common open source monitoring software
- cacti、nagios、zabbix、smokeping、open-falcon等等
- cacti and smokeping tend to be basic monitoring, and the graphics are very beautiful.
These two are suitable for monitoring network devices. - The cacti, nagios, and zabbix server monitoring centers require PHP environment support. Both zabbix and cacti require mysql as data storage. Nagios does not need to store historical data, but focuses on the status of services or monitoring items. Zabbix will obtain the data of services or monitoring items. The data will be recorded in the database, so that it can be graphed
- open-falcon was developed by Xiaomi. After open source, it is sought after by many large companies and operation and maintenance engineers. It is suitable for large enterprises. Big companies such as Didi, 360, Sina Weibo, JD.com are using this monitoring software, and it is worth studying.
- The follow-up will mainly introduce zabbix
Two zabbix monitoring software introduction
- C/S architecture, based on C++ development, the monitoring center supports web interface configuration and management
requires an agent, which means that a service must be started on the client side. This service is responsible for collecting data, and this data will be actively reported to the server. The server can be connected to the client to capture this data, so there are two modes: active mode and passive mode. - A single server node can support tens of thousands of clients.
The bottleneck lies in the amount of data collected. When the scale of the server reaches a certain level, some optimizations need to be done. For example, some proxy points can be added to act as the server and replace the server to collect data. data, and then he gets the analysis results and reports to the server - The latest version 3.4, official documentation https://www.zabbix.com/manuals
- 5 components
- zabbix-server monitoring center, receives the information reported by the client, and is responsible for configuration, statistics, and operation data
- Data storage stores data, such as mysql
- The web interface is also called web UI. The operation configuration under the web interface is the main reason why zabbix is easy to use.
- zabbix-proxy is an optional component, which can replace the function of zabbix-server and reduce the pressure on the server
- zabbix-agent client software, responsible for collecting the data of each monitoring service or project and reporting it
Zabbix monitoring flow chart
Three install zabbix
- Official website download address www.zabbix.com/download
- wget repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
- rpm -ivh zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm In fact, we can see that installing this package is installing a yum source
[root@lijie-01 src]# ls !$
ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repo zabbix.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo epel.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel-testing.repo
[root@lijie-01 src]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo
[zabbix]
name=Zabbix Official Repository - $basearch
baseurl=http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.2/rhel/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX-A14FE591
[zabbix-non-supported]
name=Zabbix Official Repository non-supported - $basearch
baseurl=http://repo.zabbix.com/non-supported/rhel/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX
gpgcheck=1
[root@lijie-01 src]#
- Install zabbix server, frontend, proxy
# yum install -y zabbix-agent zabbix-get zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web zabbix-web-mysql
Among them, zabbix-agent is the client software, zabbix-get is a tool used on the server, this tool can obtain the data of some monitoring items on the client through the command line, zabbix-server-mysql is to install some follow-up mysql related files, zabbix-web is web UI, zabbix-web-mysql is to install some files related to web and mysql
- Will install httpd and php together
作为依赖被安装:
OpenIPMI-libs.x86_64 0:2.0.19-15.el7 OpenIPMI-modalias.x86_64 0:2.0.19-15.el7
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7_4.1 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
dejavu-fonts-common.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 dejavu-sans-fonts.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7
fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 0:1.44-8.el7 fping.x86_64 0:3.10-4.el7
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos.6 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos.6
iksemel.x86_64 0:1.4-6.el7 libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.5-1.el7
libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.5-1.el7 libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7
libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 libxcb.x86_64 0:1.12-1.el7
libzip.x86_64 0:0.10.1-8.el7 mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
php.x86_64 0:5.4.16-43.el7_4.1 php-bcmath.x86_64 0:5.4.16-43.el7_4.1
php-cli.x86_64 0:5.4.16-43.el7_4.1 php-common.x86_64 0:5.4.16-43.el7_4.1
php-gd.x86_64 0:5.4.16-43.el7_4.1 php-ldap.x86_64 0:5.4.16-43.el7_4.1
php-mbstring.x86_64 0:5.4.16-43.el7_4.1 php-mysql.x86_64 0:5.4.16-43.el7_4.1
php-pdo.x86_64 0:5.4.16-43.el7_4.1 php-xml.x86_64 0:5.4.16-43.el7_4.1
t1lib.x86_64 0:5.1.2-14.el7 unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.3.1-11.el7
完毕！
- If mysql has not been installed before, you need to install mysql according to the mysql installation method in the lamp chapter, and then start mysql
# systemctl start mysql
- Edit the mysql configuration file vim /etc/my.cnf to set the character set to utf8
- After restarting the mysqld service, log in to the mysql command line, create the zabbix library, and specify the character set at the same time
[root@lijie-01 src]# mysql -uroot -p112233
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.6.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database zabbix character set utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>
- Create a user again. This user allows the web code to connect to the mysql database. The prerequisite for the zabbix service to start is to be able to connect to the database.
mysql> grant all on zabbix.* to 'zabbix'@'127.0.0.1' identified by '112233';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql>
- Import the data that comes with zabbix
[root@lijie-01 src]# cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11/ 切换到自带数据所在目录
[root@lijie-01 zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# ls 可以看到数据压缩包
AUTHORS ChangeLog COPYING create.sql.gz NEWS README
[root@lijie-01 zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# gzip -d create.sql.gz 解压
[root@lijie-01 zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# ls
AUTHORS ChangeLog COPYING create.sql NEWS README
[root@lijie-01 zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# mysql -uroot -p112233 zabbix < create.sql 恢复数据到zabbix库
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@lijie-01 zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# systemctl start zabbix-server 启动zabbix服务
[root@lijie-01 zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# systemctl start httpd^C
- start httpd service
[root@lijie-01 zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# ps aux |grep nginx 查看nginx是否占用80端口
root 6716 0.0 0.0 112676 984 pts/0 S+ 17:15 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@lijie-01 zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# systemctl start httpd 启动httpd服务
[root@lijie-01 zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@lijie-01 zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]#
- Modify the configuration file vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf Configure the account password for connecting to the database host DBHost=127.0.0.1 //Add DBName= zabbix
above
DBName= zabbix DBUser =zabbix DBPassword=112233 //Add under DBuser - netstat -lntp |grep zabbix //View the listening port
[root@lijie-01 ~]# systemctl start zabbix-server
[root@lijie-01 ~]# systemctl enable zabbix-server
[root@lijie-01 zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# systemctl disable nginx 禁止nginx启动
nginx.service is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.
Executing /sbin/chkconfig nginx off
[root@lijie-01 zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# chkconfig nginx off
[root@lijie-01 ~]# ps aux |grep zabbix
zabbix 7388 2.0 0.2 254760 4168 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
zabbix 7391 0.0 0.1 254760 2520 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: configuration syncer [waiting 60 sec for processes]
zabbix 7392 0.0 0.1 254760 2732 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: db watchdog [synced alerts config in 0.004178 sec, idle 60 sec]
zabbix 7393 0.8 0.2 361704 5244 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #1 [got 0 values in 0.000009 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix 7394 1.1 0.2 361704 5244 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #2 [got 0 values in 0.000010 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix 7395 1.1 0.2 361704 5244 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #3 [got 0 values in 0.000008 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix 7396 1.1 0.2 361704 5244 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #4 [got 0 values in 0.000247 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix 7397 1.0 0.2 361704 5244 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #5 [got 0 values in 0.000008 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix 7398 1.4 0.2 361704 5244 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: unreachable poller #1 [got 0 values in 0.000008 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix 7399 0.3 0.1 254760 3628 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #1 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]
zabbix 7400 0.1 0.1 254760 3624 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #2 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]
zabbix 7401 0.0 0.1 254760 3628 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #3 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]
zabbix 7402 0.0 0.1 254760 3628 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #4 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]
zabbix 7403 0.0 0.1 254760 3628 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #5 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]
zabbix 7407 0.0 0.1 257336 2660 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: icmp pinger #1 [got 0 values in 0.000004 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix 7408 0.0 0.1 254760 2736 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: alerter [sent alerts: 0 success, 0 fail in 0.004105 sec, idle 30 sec]
zabbix 7410 0.0 0.1 254760 2516 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: housekeeper [startup idle for 30 minutes]
zabbix 7411 0.0 0.1 254760 2736 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: timer #1 [processed 0 triggers, 0 events in 0.000000 sec, 0 maintenances in 0.000000 sec, idle 21 sec]
zabbix 7413 0.1 0.1 254760 2876 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: http poller #1 [got 0 values in 0.001905 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix 7414 1.4 0.2 359120 5032 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: discoverer #1 [processed 0 rules in 0.009963 sec, idle 60 sec]
zabbix 7416 0.0 0.1 254760 2864 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #1 [synced 0 items in 0.000001 sec, idle 1 sec]
zabbix 7418 0.0 0.1 254760 2864 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #2 [synced 0 items in 0.000003 sec, idle 1 sec]
zabbix 7420 0.0 0.1 254760 2864 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #3 [synced 0 items in 0.000002 sec, idle 1 sec]
zabbix 7422 0.0 0.1 254760 2864 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #4 [synced 0 items in 0.000002 sec, idle 1 sec]
zabbix 7424 0.2 0.2 254760 3808 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: escalator #1 [processed 0 escalations in 0.004486 sec, idle 3 sec]
zabbix 7425 0.1 0.2 254760 3808 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: proxy poller #1 [exchanged data with 0 proxies in 0.000006 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix 7426 0.0 0.1 254760 2628 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: self-monitoring [processed data in 0.000009 sec, idle 1 sec]
zabbix 7428 0.0 0.1 254760 2852 ? S 00:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: task manager [processed 0 task(s) in 0.003621 sec, idle 5 sec]
root 7439 0.0 0.0 112680 984 pts/1 S+ 00:16 0:00 grep --color=auto zabbix
[root@lijie-01 ~]# netstat -lntp |grep zabbix
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10051 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7388/zabbix_server
tcp6 0 0 :::10051 :::* LISTEN 7388/zabbix_server
[root@lijie-01 ~]#
- Configure the web interface Open the browser to visit http://192.168.75.136/zabbix/ The web interface configures zabbix
and click Next to enter the following page. We don’t care about the OK option. You can see that there is a fail item, timezone time zone fail,
this When we need to go to the php configuration file /etc/php.ini to find the timezone, set date.timezone=Asia/shanghai or chongqin, after the configuration is complete, we need to restart the apache service, and then refresh the page just now, you can see that the time zone has been OK 
and then click Next, here we need to fill in the mysql related information 
Click Next 
Next Next 
Next
- Login Click Finish to enter the login interface and fill in the login information. After logging in
with the default username Admin and password zabbix, enter the home page as follows
- The first thing to do when entering the background is to change the password and enter the personal information center of the admin user in the order shown below. After
entering , click Change Password, fill in the new password twice, and change the language to Chinese 
. After the modification is complete, click the update below to update the settings, and then Refresh, the interface will become Chinese
4 What to do if you forget the Admin password
If you forget the password, we can directly enter the users table of mysql's zabbix library to modify the database data.
- Enter the mysql command line and select the zabbix library
[root@lijie-01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p112233
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 464
Server version: 5.6.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use zabbix;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql>
- change the password
mysql> update users set passwd=md5('112233') where alias='Admin';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0
This changed the password of the Admin user
Five zabbix client installation
- You also need to download the yum source of zabbix on the client
# wget repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
- install yum source
# rpm -ivh zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
- Install the client
# yum install -y zabbix-agent
- vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf //Modify the following configuration
Server=127.0.0.1 to Server=192.168.75.136 //Define the ip of the server (passive mode) ServerActive=127.0.0.1 to ServerActive=192.168.75.136 // Define the ip of the server (active mode)
Hostname=Zabbix server is changed to Hostname=lijie-01 //This is a custom hostname, and the same hostname needs to be set in the web interface for a while - systemctl start zabbix-agent
[root@lijie-02 src]# systemctl start zabbix-agent
[root@lijie-02 src]# ps aux |grep zabbix
zabbix 50606 0.0 0.0 82964 1272 ? S 01:46 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
zabbix 50607 0.0 0.0 82964 1432 ? S 01:46 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd: collector [idle 1 sec]
zabbix 50608 0.0 0.0 82964 1852 ? S 01:46 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd: listener #1 [waiting for connection]
zabbix 50609 0.0 0.0 82964 1852 ? S 01:46 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd: listener #2 [waiting for connection]
zabbix 50610 0.0 0.0 82964 1852 ? S 01:46 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd: listener #3 [waiting for connection]
zabbix 50611 0.0 0.1 83096 2208 ? S 01:46 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd: active checks #1 [idle 1 sec]
root 50621 0.0 0.0 112680 980 pts/1 S+ 01:46 0:00 grep --color=auto zabbi
[root@lijie-02 src]# netstat -lntp |grep zabbix 可以看到监控的端口为10050
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 50606/zabbix_agentd
tcp6 0 0 :::10050 :::* LISTEN 50606/zabbix_agentd
- systemctl enable zabbix-agent
[root@lijie-02 src]# systemctl enable zabbix-agent
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/zabbix-agent.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-agent.service.
[root@lijie-02 src]#