The first day of operation and maintenance Xiaobai's growth diary
Xiaobai, who is a network operation and maintenance, and friends who want to join network operation and maintenance are worth a look~
Today is the first day of network operation and maintenance, and the first day to write a blog post, hoping to have like-minded friends to discuss and learn together , I also hope that the great gods of network operation and maintenance can help guide me on the road of network operation and maintenance, and I can make more progress by giving more opinions.
1. TCP/IP protocol
1. The TCP/IP communication protocol is the most complete and widely supported communication protocol at present. It allows communication between computers with different network architectures and different operating systems. It is the standard communication protocol of the Internet.
2. Three elements of communication between host and host:
IP address (IP address),
subnet mask (subnet mask),
IP router (IP router)
2. IP address
1. Function: used to identify the network address of a node
2. Composition: 32 bits, represented by 4 decimal numbers, separated by .
network bits + host bits
3. Classification:
A 1 ~ 127 Network+Main+Main+MainB
128 ~ 191 Network+Network+Main+Main
C 192 ~ 223 Network+Network+Network+Main
D 224 ~ 239 Multicast (multicast)
E 240 ~ 254 Research
4. Default subnet mask Code
A Class 255.0.0.0
Class B 255.255.0.0 Class
C 255.255.255.0
5. Gateway
is the "gateway" that connects one network to another network
6. Public IP address and private IP address
Public address, also known as public network address , through which you can directly access the Internet, which is within the scope of the WAN.
A private address, also known as a private network address, is specially used within an organization. It is within the scope of the local area network, and you cannot access the Internet outside the local area network.
Private address range:
Class A 10.0.0.1 ~ 10.255.255.254
Class B 172.16.0.1 ~ 172.31.255.254
Class C 192.168.0.1 ~ 192.168.255.254
3. Basic environment settings
1. TCP/IP settings are
static and
dynamic
2. To view the configuration information of the IP address,
you can use the key combination of win and r to open the run dialog box and enter cmd to enter the command prompt. Enter the command ipconfig or ipconfig /all
to start | control panel | Network and Sharing Center | Click the View Status button to the right of Local Area Connection | Click Details or Start | Command Prompt | Run ipconfig or ipconfig /
all
An alternate configuration will be added when the address is set, and the alternate configuration will be automatically enabled when the computer fails to obtain parameters such as an IP address from the DHCP server.
There are two methods for alternate configuration:
1) Dedicated IP address: 169.254.0.1-169.254.255.254, subnet mask The code is 255.255.0.0
2) User manual configuration:
4. The basic usage of the ping command to test network connectivity
: ping the target host address
Network troubleshooting common ideas
- first ping the local loopback address 127.0.0.1 #Check the TCP/IP driver
- then ping this Other hosts on the network segment#Check the intranet communication
-and then ping the default gateway#check the egress route
-and then ping other hosts on other network segments#check the remote connectivity