Introduction to artificial intelligence:
artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence), the English abbreviation is AI. It is a new technical science that studies and develops theories, methods, techniques and application systems for simulating, extending and expanding human intelligence.
Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that attempts to understand the essence of intelligence and produce a new kind of intelligent machine that can respond in a similar way to human intelligence. Research in this field includes robotics, language recognition, image recognition, Natural language processing and expert systems, etc. Since the birth of artificial intelligence, the theory and technology have become more and more mature, and the application field has also continued to expand. It is conceivable that the technological products brought by artificial intelligence in the future will be the "container" of human intelligence.
Artificial intelligence can simulate the information process of human consciousness and thinking. Artificial intelligence is not human intelligence, but it can think like human beings and may surpass human intelligence.
Artificial intelligence is an extremely challenging science, and those who do it must understand computer literacy, psychology, and philosophy. Artificial intelligence is a very broad science, which consists of different fields, such as machine learning, computer vision, etc. Generally speaking, one of the main goals of artificial intelligence research is to enable machines to be capable of doing things that normally require human intelligence. complex work. But different times and different people have different understandings of this "complex work".
Definition:
The definition of artificial intelligence can be divided into two parts, namely "artificial" and "intelligent". "Artificial" is easier to understand and less controversial. Sometimes we have to consider what can be made by human beings, or whether the intelligence level of human beings is high enough to create artificial intelligence, and so on. But in general, "artificial systems" are artificial systems in the usual sense.
There are many questions about what is "intelligent". This involves other issues such as consciousness (CONSCIOUSNESS), self (SELF), thinking (MIND) (including unconscious thinking (UNCONSCIOUS_MIND)) and so on. It is generally accepted that the only intelligence that man understands is his own intelligence. But our understanding of our own intelligence is very limited, and we also have limited understanding of the necessary elements that make up human intelligence, so it is difficult to define what is "artificially" made "intelligence". Therefore, the research of artificial intelligence often involves the research of human intelligence itself. Other intelligences related to animals or other artificial systems are also generally considered to be AI-related research topics.
Artificial intelligence has received more and more attention in the computer field. And it has been applied in robots, economic and political decision-making, control systems, and simulation systems.
Professor Nelson defines artificial intelligence as follows: "Artificial intelligence is the discipline of knowledge - the science of how to represent knowledge and how to acquire and use knowledge." And another Professor Winston from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States He believes: "Artificial intelligence is the study of how to make computers do intelligent work that only humans could do in the past." These statements reflect the basic ideas and basic content of artificial intelligence. That is, artificial intelligence is the study of the laws of human intelligence activities, the construction of artificial systems with certain intelligence, and the study of how to make computers perform tasks that required human intelligence in the past, that is, how to apply computer software and hardware to simulate certain human intelligence Basic theories, methods and techniques of behavior.
Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science. Since the 1970s, it has been known as one of the three cutting-edge technologies in the world (space technology, energy technology, and artificial intelligence). It is also considered as one of the three cutting-edge technologies (genetic engineering, nanoscience, artificial intelligence) in the 21st century. This is because it has achieved rapid development in the past three decades, has been widely used in many disciplines, and has achieved fruitful results. Artificial intelligence has gradually become an independent branch, both in theory and practice. into a system.
Artificial intelligence is the study of making computers to simulate certain thinking processes and intelligent behaviors of people (such as learning, reasoning, thinking, planning, etc.) Can achieve higher level applications. AI will involve disciplines such as computer science, psychology, philosophy and linguistics. It can be said that almost all disciplines of natural science and social science, its scope has far exceeded the scope of computer science, the relationship between artificial intelligence and thinking science is the relationship between practice and theory, artificial intelligence is at the technical application level of thinking science, is an application branch of it. From the point of view of thinking, artificial intelligence is not limited to logical thinking. It is necessary to consider image thinking and inspirational thinking to promote the breakthrough development of artificial intelligence. Mathematics is often regarded as the basic science of various disciplines. Mathematics also enters the field of language and thinking. Intelligence disciplines must also borrow mathematical tools. Mathematics not only plays a role in standard logic, fuzzy mathematics, etc., but when mathematics enters artificial intelligence disciplines, they will promote each other and develop faster.
Practical applications
Machine vision, fingerprint recognition, face recognition, retinal recognition, iris recognition, palmprint recognition, expert systems, automatic planning, intelligent search, theorem proving, games, automatic programming, intelligent control, robotics, language and image understanding , genetic programming, etc.
subject area
Artificial intelligence is a marginal subject, which belongs to the intersection of natural science and social science.
Involving disciplines
Philosophy and Cognitive Science, Mathematics, Neurophysiology, Psychology, Computer Science, Information Theory, Cybernetics, Indeterminacy
Research Areas
Natural Language Processing, Knowledge Representation, Intelligent Search, Reasoning, Planning, Machine Learning, Knowledge Acquisition, Combinatorial Scheduling Problems, Perception Problems, Pattern Recognition, Logic Programming, Soft Computing, Management of Imprecision and Uncertainty, Artificial Life, Neuroscience Networks, Complex Systems, Genetic Algorithms
Consciousness and Artificial Intelligence Artificial
intelligence, by its very nature, is a simulation of the information processes of the human mind.
There are two ways to simulate human thinking. One is structural simulation, which imitates the structure and mechanism of the human brain to create a "human-like" machine; the other is functional simulation, which temporarily ignores the internal structure of the human brain and uses its The functional process is simulated. The emergence of modern electronic computers is the simulation of the thinking function of the human brain and the simulation of the information process of the human brain's thinking.
Weak artificial intelligence is developing rapidly today, especially after the economic crisis in 2008, the United States, Japan and Europe hope to use robots to achieve re-industrialization. Industrial robots are developing faster than ever before, driving weak artificial intelligence and related industries. With continuous breakthroughs, many jobs that must be done by humans can now be done by robots.
However, strong artificial intelligence is temporarily at a bottleneck and requires the efforts of scientists and humans.
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