pwd and cd commands
The >pwd command is an acronym for each word in "print working directory" and its function is to display the absolute path to the current working directory. In actual work, when we operate commands on the command line, we often switch between various directory paths. At this time, we can use the pwd command to quickly view the directory path we are currently in.
There is also a $PWD environment variable that shows the absolute path to the current working directory
ghostwu@dev:~$ echo $PWD /home/ghostwu ghostwu@dev:~$ cd ./php ghostwu@dev:~/php$ echo $PWD /home/ghostwu/php ghostwu@dev:~/php$ pwd /home/ghostwu/php ghostwu@dev:~/php$
ghostwu@dev:~$ pwd /home/ghostwu ghostwu@dev:~$ cd / ghostwu@dev:/$ pwd / ghostwu@dev:/$ ls bin dev initrd.img lost+found opt run srv usr boot etc lib media proc sbin sys var cdrom home lib64 mnt root snap tmp vmlinuz ghostwu@dev:/$ cd /etc/ ghostwu@dev:/etc$ cd ghostwu@dev:~$ cd - /etc ghostwu@dev:/etc$ cd ~ ghostwu@dev:~$ cd - /etc ghostwu@dev:/etc$ cd ../home/ghostwu/ ghostwu@dev:~$
The cd command is an acronym for each word in "change directory", and its function is to switch from the current working directory to the specified working directory.
> Change to the directory one level above the current directory (cd..).
> Change to the current directory ( cd . ).
> switch to the home directory ( cd ~ ), cd without parameters also switches to the home directory
change to the directory just now ( cd - )
tree command, view the organizational structure of directories and files, by default ubuntu does not install tree
ghostwu@dev:~$ tree The program 'tree' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing: sudo apt install tree ghostwu@dev:~$ sudo apt install tree
ghostwu@dev:~$ tree . ├── Desktop ├── Documents ├── Downloads │ ├── 1.rar │ ├── 1 - copy.pptx │ ├── 2.rar │ ├── 2 - copy.pptx │ ├── 3.rar ...............
tree -d: only show directories
tree -dL 2: The L parameter specifies the displayed level 2 means 2 levels
tree -df: show the full path
tree -dfi: don't show tree hierarchy
tree -L 1 -F: The F parameter will add a / after the directory, which is used to distinguish it from the file
ghostwu@dev:~$ tree -L 1 . ├── Desktop ├── Documents ├── Downloads ├── examples.desktop ├── git_test ├── info ├── Music ├── php ├── Pictures ├── project ├── Public ├── python ├── software ├── Templates └── Videos 14 directories, 1 file ghostwu@dev:~$ tree -L 1 -F . ├── Desktop/ ├── Documents/ ├── Downloads/ ├── examples.desktop ├── git_test/ ├── info/ ├── Music/ ├── php/ ├── Pictures/ ├── project/ ├── Public/ ├── python/ ├── software/ ├── Templates/ └── Videos/ 14 directories, 1 file ghostwu@dev:~$