From: http://www.blog.chinaunix.net/uid-15887868-id-2758315.html
Configure in menuconfig:
Introduce the kernel configuration options and deletions in detail.
Part 1: Delete all
Code maturity level options ---> Code maturity level options
[]Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers is selected by default, which will be displayed in the settings interface Display the code and drivers that are still under development or have not been completed. Do not select.
The second part: except the following options, delete all others.
General setup—>
System V IPC (IPC: Inter Process Communication) is a group system call and function library, which enables programs to exchange information synchronously with each other. It is required by some programs as well as in the DOS emulation environment. Provides a communication mechanism for processes, which will enable processes in the system to exchange information and maintain synchronization. Some programs can only be run when Y is selected, so don't think about it, you must choose it here.
Part 3: Except for the following options, delete all others
Loadable module support ---> Bootable module support is recommended to be added to the kernel as a module
[] Enable loadable module support This option allows your kernel to support modules. What is a module? A module is a small piece of code that can be dynamically added to the kernel when the system kernel is running after compilation, so as to add some features to the kernel or support certain hardware. Generally, some less commonly used drivers or features can be compiled into modules to reduce the size of the kernel. It can be loaded into the kernel at runtime using the modprobe command (and removed if not needed). The principle of whether some features are compiled into modules is that drivers that are not often used, especially those that are not needed at system startup, can be compiled into modules. The support of the system bus should not be compiled into a module, otherwise the system cannot be started.
[]Automatic kernel module loading Under normal circumstances, if our kernel needs to use some drivers or features compiled as modules in some tasks, we must first use the modprobe command to load it before the kernel can be used. However, if you choose this option, when the kernel needs some modules, it can automatically call the modprobe command to load the required modules, which is a great feature, of course, choose Y.
Part 4: Delete all
Block layer-----> Block device
Part 5: Except for the following options, delete all other
Processor type and features ---> Processor type
Subarchitecture Type (PC-compatible) ---> This The main purpose of the option is to enable Linux to support a variety of PC standards. Generally, the PCs we use follow the so-called IBM-compatible architecture (pc/at). This option lets you choose some other architectures. We generally choose PC-compatible on it.
Processor family (386): It will optimize each CPU to make it run well and fast. Generally speaking, you can choose whatever model you have. I chose 386, so the kernel will save a lot of space
Part VI: Except for the following options, delete all other
Power management options (ACPI, APM) ---> Power management options
[ ] Power Management Debug Support Power management debugging Information support, if you do not want to debug the power management part of the kernel, please do not select this.
ACPI Support ---> Advanced power interface configuration support, if BIOS supports it, it is recommended to select this
[]Button This option is used to register power button based events like power, sleep etc. When you press the button the event will happen, a daemon will read /proc/acpi/event and execute the user on these events Defined actions such as shutting down the system. You can choose not to, according to your needs.
Part VII: Except for the following options, delete all other
Bus options (PCI, PCMCIA, EISA, MCA, ISA) ---> Bus options
[]PCI support
PCI access mode (Any) ---> PCI peripheral device configuration, strong It is recommended to select Any in the column, the system will use MMConfig first, then use BIOS, and finally use Direct to detect PCI devices.
Part VIII: Except for the following options, delete all other
Executable file formats --->
Kernel support for ELF binaries ELF is the most commonly used binary file under the open platform, it supports different hardware platforms. Must choose.
Part IX: Except for the following options, delete all other
Networking
Networking options --->
[]Unix domain sockets
[]TCP/IP networking
Part 10: Except for the following options, delete all others
Device Drivers ---> Device driver
Block devices ------->
[]Compaq SMART2 support
[] Compaq Smart Array 5xxx support
[]Loopback device support Most people choose N for this option, because it is not necessary. But if you want to mount the iso file, you have to select Y. This option means that a file can be mounted as a file system. If you want to burn a CD, then you are likely to check whether the file conforms to the IS09660 file system content and your needs before burning a file. Furthermore, this file system can be protected. However, if you want to do this, you must have the latest mount program, version 2.5X or higher. And if you wish to protect this filesystem, you must have the program des.1.tar.gz. Note: This has nothing to do with networking. It is recommended to compile it into a module
[] RAM disk support
SCSI device support ---> There is information about USB support. To select
[]SCSI device support USB to use, you must select
[]legacy /proc/scsi/ support USB to use, you must Select
[]SCSI disk support to use USB, you must select
SCSI Low-level drivers
[]Serial ATA(SATA) support
[]Intel PIIX/ICH SATA support This must be selected, otherwise the boot file cannot be generated
[]Via SATA support
Networking device support ---> The following is to choose the network card driver, you must choose
Ethernet (1000mbit)-My computer is a Gigabit network card, so I choose this
[]broadcom Tigon3support
Input device support ---> In this, you need to set your mouse and keyboard
[]Provide legacy /dev/psaux device
Graphics support --->
[]Support for frame buffer devices To support Frame buffer, be sure to select
USB support - -->
[]USB device filesystem This seems to be necessary to use a U disk
[]EHCI HCD (USB 2.0) support If you have usb2.0, select it, compile it into a module
[]OHCI HCD support must select, compile it into a module
[ ]UHCI HCD (most Intel and VIA) support must be selected and compiled into a module
[]USB Mass Storage support
USB Human Interface Device (full HID) support must be selected when using a U disk. Select usb mouse and usb keyboard if you have it This must be selected
HID input layer support should be selected
/dev/hiddev raw HID device support If there are USB keyboard and mouse options, be sure to select
Part 11: Delete
file systems ---> file systems
<*> Second extended fs support
[*] Ext2 extended attributes
[*] Ext2 POSIX Access Control Lists
[*] Ext2 Security Labels
Ext3 journalling file system support
[*] Ext3 extended attributes
[*] Ext3 POSIX Access Control Lists
[*] Ext3 Security Labels The above must be selected, the standard file system of linux
Kernel automounter support is automatically mounted by the kernel, of course,
Kernel automounter must be selected version 4 support (also supports v3) Of course, choose
DOS/FAT/NT Filesystems --->
DOS FAT fs support
MSDOS fs support
VFAT (Windows-95) fs support
NTFS file system support
Native language supportLanguage support, here is support English and Chinese will do, not much to say
[]NLS ISO 8859-1 must be selected, this is about U disk mounting.
CD-ROM/DVD Filesystems ---> This is about mounting ISO files, if you use it, choose it.
<*> ISO 9660 CDROM file system support
Part 12: Remove all
Instrumentation support
Part 13: Remove all
Kernel hacking ---> Crack the core? Don't be a hacker, don't choose
Part 14: Delete all
Security options --->
Part 15: Delete all
Cryptographic options ---> This is the option that supports encryption at the core
Part 16: Delete all
Library routines --->
Attachment: There are many ways to
configure
the kernel, such as make config, make xconfig, make menuconfig, make oldconfig, etc. Their functions are all the same, the difference should be seen from the name, only make oldconfig refers to the current system settings (./.config) as default. Here is the make menuconfig.
Something to keep in mind: the more unnecessary drivers, the bigger the kernel, which is not only slower, takes up more memory, but in rare cases can cause other problems. The specific steps are as follows:
First, make sure that the shell is bash.
Then
$make menuconfig
has some default symbols with the following meanings:
y: load
n: not load
m: load as module
The options that can be configured are as follows:
1) code maturity level option code maturity
prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers [N/y/?]
If you are interested in testing some modules that have not been finalized in the kernel, just Choose y, otherwise choose N, want to know more detailed information? You will see the online help (the following ? means the same), with an uppercase N for the default value.
2) processor type and features
Processor family (386, 486/Cx486, 586/K5/5x86/6x86, Pentium/K6/TSC, PPro/6x86MX) [PPro/6x86MX]
[] is the default value, we can choose based on the result of the uname command execution described earlier. If this item is higher than 386, the generated kernel will not start on 386 machines.
Math emulation (CONFIG_MATH_EMULATION) [N/y/?]
Need to do coprocessor emulation? General machines return n. If the machine already has a hardware coprocessor, the kernel will still use the hardware, ignoring the software math-emulation, which will make the kernel bigger and slower.
MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) support (CONFIG_MTRR) [N/y/? ]
In the Pentium, Pro/Pentium II type system can improve the image writing speed.
Symmetric multi-processing support (CONFIG_SMP) [Y/n/? ]
Choose y if your machine has multiple processors. At this point, select the Enhanced Real Time Clock Support below
3) loadable model support
Enable loadable module support (CONFIG_MODULES) [Y/n/? ]
It is best to choose y, otherwise many modules that are only for dynamic loading will not be available.
Set version information on all symbols for modules (CONFIG_MODVERSIONS) [N/y/? ]
select N
Kernel module loader (CONFIG_KMOD) [N/y/?]
4) general setup General setup
Networking support (CONFIG_NET) [Y/n/?]
Choose y, how many computers do not need to access the Internet now?
PCI support (CONFIG_PCI) [Y/n/?]
PCI bus and device should have it.
PCI access mode (BIOS, Direct, Any) [Any]
default value is relatively safe, but if you are very confident in your motherboard, choose BIOS.
PCI quirks (CONFIG_PCI_QUIRKS) [Y/n/?]
is used to fix bugs in the BIOS that affect PCI. Likewise, if you are confident in the motherboard, choose n.
Backward-compatible /proc/pci> (CONFIG_PCI_OLD_PROC) [Y/n/?]
The previous kernel uses /proc/pci, and the new kernel uses /proc/bus/pci. To maintain compatibility, choose y.
MCA support (CONFIG_MCA) [N/y/?]
See help.
SGI Visual Workstation support (CONFIG_VISWS) [N/y/?]
Is your machine SGI? Yes, choose y.
System V IPC (CONFIG_SYSVIPC) [Y/n/?]
Interprocess communication functions and system calls. One of the five major components of the Linux kernel, must be selected.
BSD Process Accounting (CONFIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT) [N/y/?]
A user-level system call used to initiate the writing of process information to a file by the kernel. It's up to you whether you want to use it or not.
Sysctl support (CONFIG_SYSCTL) [Y/n/?]
Modifies the kernel while it is running. 8KB space for some kind of convenience. Don't pick it unless you really want to try it.
Kernel support for a.out binaries (CONFIG_BINFMT_AOUT) [Y/m/n/?]
To use previously compiled programs, choose y.
Kernel support for ELF binaries (CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF) [Y/m/n/?]
To use the current compiled program, choose y.
Kernel support for MISC binaries (CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC) [Y/m/n/?]
Generally choose y to support the automatic execution of code such as java.
Parallel port support (CONFIG_PARPORT) [N/y/m/?]
Parallel port devices, such as printers.
5) plug and play support Plug and play devices support
Plug and Play support (CONFIG_PNP) [N/y/?]
Choose y.
6) block devices block device
Normal PC floppy disk support (CONFIG_BLK_DEV_FD) [Y/m/n/?]
General floppy drive. choose y.
Enhanced IDE/MFM/RLL disk/cdrom/tape/floppy support (CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE) [Y/m/n/?]
Hard drives, optical drives, tapes, and floppy drives for these interfaces. choose y.
Include IDE/ATAPI CDROM support (CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDECD) [Y/m/n/?]
CDROM. choose y.
7) network options Network options
Packet socket (CONFIG_PACHET) [Y/m/n/?]
According to the current development of the network, it is better to choose y. Of course other options are also available.
Kernel/User netlink socket (CONFIG_NETLINK) [N/y/?]
Two-way communication between the kernel and the user process. choose y.
Network firewalls (CONFIG_FIREWALL) [N/Y/?]
If you really need to use a firewall, choose y.
UNIX domain sockets (confgi_unix) [Y/m/n/?]
sockets are very useful. choose y.
TCP/IP networking (CONFIG_INET) [Y/n/?]
choose y, the reason is as above.
The IPX protocol (CONFIG_IPX) [N/y/m/?]
In fact, not many people really need to use or learn IPX, so N is generally selected.
Appletalk DDP (CONFIG_ATALK) [N/y/m/?]
choose N, the reason is the same as above.
8) SCSI support SCSI support, SCSI low-level drives SCSI low-level drivers
are selected according to the actual situation of the SCSI devices in the system.
9) Networking device support
If you use LAN to access the Internet, choose a network card;
if you use MODEM to dial up the Internet, it depends on the service provided by the ISP, usually PPP.
10) Amateur Radio support
I don't know what it is, so I choose N.
11) ISDN subsystem The ISDN subsystem
seems to already have a MODEM that supports ISDN, so it is best to see if your own MODEM is like this, and then make a choice.
12) Old CD-ROM dfivers (not SCSI, not IDE) The old CD-ROM driver
generally chooses N, because this kind of device is very rare.
13) Character devices
Virtual terminal (CONFIG_VT) [Y/n/?]
On Linux, Alt+F1/F2/F3/F4 can generally be used to switch between different task terminals, and Linux can be fully used even on one computer It is more convenient to install suitable software in the command line mode if it has the support of virtual terminal, so choose y.
Support for console on virtual terminal (CONFIG_VT_CONSOLE) [Y/n/?]
Select y to support a virtual terminal as a console. Usually Alt+F1.
Support for console on serial port (CONFIG_SERIAL) [Y/m/n/?]
Choose n unless you really need a serial console.
Extended dumb serial driver options (CONFIG_SERIAL_EXTENDED) [N/y/?]
If you want to use "dumb" non-standard features (such as HUB6 support), choose y, generally choose N.
Non-standard serial port support (CONFIG_SERIAL_NONSTANDARD) [N/y/?] Non-standard serial port
. Generally choose N.
UNIX98 PTY support (CONFIG_UNIX98_PTYS) [Y/n/?]
PTY refers to pseudo-terminal, and general users choose n. But if you want to use telnet or xterms as a terminal to access the host, and you have installed glibc2.1, you can choose y.
Maximum number of UNIX98 PTYs in use (0-2048) (CONFIG_UNIX98_PTY_COUNT) [256] The
default value is fine.
Mouse Support (not serial mice) (CONFIG_MOUSE) [Y/n/?]
Select y for non-serial mice such as PS/2, otherwise select N.
14) Mice mouse
can be selected according to your own mouse type.
15) Video for Linux Linux video
is selected according to the audio/video capture device in the system.
16) Joystick support
is selected according to the joystick device in the system
17) Ftape, the floopy tape device driver
Ftape (QIC-80/Travan) support (CONFIG_FTAPE) [N/y/m/?]
If there is a tape drive in the system, choose y.
18) Filesystems Filesystems
are chosen carefully, as some of them provide support for certain system functions. In addition to file systems such as proc and ext2, other file systems (including the following network file systems) can be selected as m mode, thereby reducing the size of the kernel when it is started.
Quota support (CONFIG_QUOTA) [N/y/?]
is used to allocate quantitative disk space to users. If this function is not used, select N.
DOS FAT fs support (CONFIG_FAT_FS) [N/y/m/?]
provides FAT support for the kernel, most users may access the WINDOWS hard disk space in the same system from Linux, so it is best to choose y.
ISO 9660 CDROM filesystem support (CONFIG_ISO9660_FS) [Y/m/n/?]
The system with standard CD-ROM drive should choose Y.
Minix fs support (CONFIG_MINIX_FS) [N/y/m/?]
The file system used to create the boot disk, most should choose y or m.
/proc filesystem support (CONFIG_PROC_FS) [Y/n/?]
Virtual file system, Y must be selected.
Second extended fs support (CONFIG_EXT2_FS) [Y/m/n/?]
Linux standard file system, Y should be selected.
19) Network file systems
Coda filesystem support (advanced network fs) (CONFIG_CODA_FS) [N/y/m/?]
See the help before selecting.
NFS filesystem support (CONFIG_NFS_FS) [Y/m/n/?]
Select Y or n to be able to access the remote NFS file system.
SMB filesystem support (to mount WfW shares etc.) (CONFIG_SMB_FS) [N/y/m/?]
To access shared resources in the WINDOWS system, select y.
NCP filesystem support (to mout NetWare volumes) (CONFIG_NCP_FS) [N/y/m/?]
If you really need to access the NetWare filesystem, choose y or m.
20) Partion Types The partition type
is generally not used; please refer to the help to use it.
21) Console drivers
VGA text console (CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE) [Y/n/?]
Use text mode to operate Linux in VGA mode, generally choose y.
Video mode selection support (CONFIG_VIDEO_SELECT) [N/y/?]
Most systems do not need this feature.
22) Sound Sound
Sound card support (CONFIG_SOUND) [N/y/m/?]
If a sound card is installed in the system, select y (or m), and then check the help.
23) Kernel hacking Kernel monitoring
Kernel hacking often generates very large or very slow (even large and slow) kernels, and even causes the kernel to work unstable. If you must choose, then it is best not to choose the "development", "experimental", and "debugging" items.