Hard Disk Recognition in Linux:
Generally use the "fdisk -l" command to list the currently connected hard disks in the system
Device and partition information. The new hard disk has no partition information, only the hard disk size information is displayed.
1. Turn off the server and add a new hard disk
2. Start the server and log in as root user
3. View hard disk information
#fdisk -l
- Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
- 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
- Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- Disk identifier: 0x0004406e
- Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux
- Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
- /dev/sda2 39 2589 20480000 83 Linux
- /dev/sda3 2589 2850 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
- /dev/sda4 2850 5222 19057664 5 Extended
- /dev/sda5 2850 5222 19056640 83 Linux
- Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
- 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
- Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- Disk identifier: 0x14b52796
- Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
4.创建新硬盘分区命令参数:
fdisk可以用m命令来看fdisk命令的内部命令; |
a:命令指定启动分区; |
d:命令删除一个存在的分区; |
l:命令显示分区ID号的列表; |
m:查看fdisk命令帮助; |
n:命令创建一个新分区; |
p:命令显示分区列表; |
t:命令修改分区的类型ID号; |
w:命令是将对分区表的修改存盘让它发生作用。 |
5.进入磁盘,对磁盘进行分区,注意红色部分。
#fdisk /dev/sdb
- Command (m for help):n
- Command action
- e extended //输入e为创建扩展分区
- p primary partition (1-4) //输入p为创建逻辑分区
- p
- Partion number(1-4):1 //在这里输入l,就进入划分逻辑分区阶段了;
- First cylinder (51-125, default 51): //注:这个就是分区的Start 值;这里最好直接按回车,如果您输入了一个非默认的数字,会造成空间浪费;
- Using default value 51
- Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (51-125, default 125): +200M 注:这个是定义分区大小的,+200M 就是大小为200M ;当然您也可以根据p提示的单位cylinder的大小来算,然后来指定 End的数值。回头看看是怎么算的;还是用+200M这个办法来添加,这样能直观一点。如果您想添加一个10G左右大小的分区,请输入 +10000M ;
- Command (m for help): w //最后输入w回车保存。
查看一下:
#fdisk -l
可以看到/dev/sdb1分区,我就省略截图咯。
6.格式化分区:
#mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 //注:将/dev/sdb1格式化为ext3类型
- mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
- 文件系统标签=
- 操作系统:Linux
- 块大小=4096 (log=2)
- 分块大小=4096 (log=2)
- Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
- 640848 inodes, 2562359 blocks
- 128117 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
- 第一个数据块=0
- Maximum filesystem blocks=2625634304
- 79 block groups
- 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
- 8112 inodes per group
- Superblock backups stored on blocks:
- 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
- 正在写入inode表: 完成
- Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
- Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
- This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or
- 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
这样就格式化好了,我们就可以用mount 加载这个分区,然后使用这个文件系统;
7.创建/data1目录:
#mkdir /data1
8. Start mounting the partition:
#mount /dev/sdb1 /data1
9. Check the hard disk size and mounted partition:
#df -h
10. Configure automatic mount at startup
Because the mount will fail after restarting the server, you need to write the partition information to the /etc/fstab file to make it permanently mounted:
#vim /etc/fstab
join in: |
/dev/sdb1 (disk partition) /data1 (mount directory) ext3 (file format) defaults 0 0 |
11. Restart the system
- How to use the make command in the previous Shell script