1. Terminal shortcut
Ctrl shift + enlarge font
Ctrl - reduce font
Ctrl l Clear screen
Ctrl c Terminate program process
Tab key auto-completion
2. ls list list
-a all All files and folders
will not be displayed by default with . start files and directories <hidden files>
-l long show file details in long format
-h human being friend show file size in a human friendly way
3. touch filename
create an empty file <if file exists modified file time>
4. Wildcards - match some characters with a special character
* match any number of any characters
ls *.py
? match 1 any character
ls ?.py
[] means match any character in the set
match file is 1 numeric character ( Any character between 1-9) of the py program file
ls [123456789].py
ls [1-9].py
ls [11-99].py
[-] Indicates the range of character matching
A py program file that matches one lowercase character in the file name
ls [az].py
5. cd switch working directory
using the format cd destination directory
cd or cd ~ switch to the user's home directory <home directory>
cd . Enter the current directory
cd . . Enter the upper directory
pwd to view the
relative path
of the current directory The path information described from the current
absolute path The path information described
from the / root directory
6. Create a directory
mkdir directory name
mkdir test
mkdir -p multi-level directory
mkdir -p 1/2/3
delete file directory remove remove
rm file name
rm 1.py
rm *.py
rm -r directory name recursively delete
rm -r 1
7. Copy files or directories cp copy
using format cp source data destination directory
cp can Modify the file name while copying the file
cp source data destination directory/destination file
name8. Cut move move
using format mv source data destination directory9.
tree display the structure of the specified directory10.
display file content
cat
display a certain file content cat file name
merge file cat file 1 file 2 >
When the new file merges the file, if the new file exists, the overwrite does not exist, then the new
more command can display the output redirection in split screen when viewing the content of a file
- change the original output direction of a data and output it to another specified target Medium
> Overwrite
>> Append
cat 1.txt
cat 1.txt cat.txt > 2.txt
cat 1.txt cat.txt >> 2.txt
11. Find files according to file name permissions size
find top directory -name 'filename '
12. Search based on file data
grep 'hello' grep.txt
grep feature filename
13. ln link link file
link file - quick access to source files based on linked file
Soft link ln -s Source file Soft link file
Features
Soft link file takes up very little space
Once the source file is deleted, the soft link file is unavailable,
you can modify the source file according to the soft link file
Soft link can create soft links across partition directories
Hard links ln source files
Features of hard link files
Hard link files occupy the same size as the source file.
Once the source file is deleted, the hard link file is still available.
You can modify the
nature of the source file according to the hard link file: The hard link file and the source file are actually one file data with different names and the
data has been deleted . A name of the file does not affect the data of the file's data unless all name
extensions of the file are removed:
ls -i View the iNode number of all files (a unique number is assigned to each file)
ls -l The second column in the details The meaning of the data is the number of hard links
Ctrl c terminates the process
14. The output of the pipeline
command is used as the input of another command
| Display the
data of a file in a split screen cat file | more
display the detailed information of all files in the current directory Split screen display ls -al | more
Display the detailed information of the directory under the current directory ls -l | grep '^d'
15. tar archive By default
, only packaging is not compressed
and packaged and compress tar -zcvf x.tar.gz list of compressed files tar -zcvf 1.tar.gz linux_test/ gzip unpack and unpack tar -zxvf x.tar.gz tar -zxvf 1.tar.gz bzip2 pack and Compressed tar -jcvf x.tar.bz2 List of compressed files tar -jcvf 1.tar.bz2 bak/ bzip2 Unpacked and decompressed tar -jxvf x.tar.bz2 tar jxvf 1.tar.bz2 16. which command to view the system Command location 17. Permission - means that the permission is not set r read read 4 w write write 2 x eXecute execute permission 1 user group other all
u go o a
file belongs to user file belongs group other
rw- r-- r--
6 4 4
modify
chmod u+x desktop.zip
chmod or desktop.zip
chmod a+w desktop.zip
chmod u=rw desktop.zip
chmod ux,g +w desktop.zip
digital modification method
chmod 744 desktop.zip
chmod 740 desktop.zip
18. User
root user super administrator
python user administrator -- can borrow super administrator privileges
xiaohei ordinary user -- sudoer control administrator list
sudo The command can borrow the superuser administrative privileges to run the command
sudo -s to switch to the root user
whoami to view the current user name
passwd user name
When switching to another user exit Exit the user you are using
exit exit the terminal
19. Software installation
1. Network installation of CentOS YUM install package
2. Offline
CentOS .rpm rpm -ivh *.rpm
UBUNTU .deb dpkg -i *.deb
3 . Source installation
.c .cpp
./configure && make && make install
4. Update software source
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sudo vim /etc/apt/source.list Save
sudo apt-get update Connect server to server to compare software information Ubuntu apt-get install package
sudo apt-get remove tree
sudo apt-get install sl tree
20. Connect to the remote server
ifconfig Check the IP address of the server
ifconfig
to ensure network connectivity with the remote server The virtual machine should try to maintain bridge mode
ping 192.168.27.73
server install openssh-server
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
connect server
ssh [email protected]
Ctrl shift + enlarge font
Ctrl - reduce font
Ctrl l Clear screen
Ctrl c Terminate program process
Tab key auto-completion
2. ls list list
-a all All files and folders
will not be displayed by default with . start files and directories <hidden files>
-l long show file details in long format
-h human being friend show file size in a human friendly way
3. touch filename
create an empty file <if file exists modified file time>
4. Wildcards - match some characters with a special character
* match any number of any characters
ls *.py
? match 1 any character
ls ?.py
[] means match any character in the set
match file is 1 numeric character ( Any character between 1-9) of the py program file
ls [123456789].py
ls [1-9].py
ls [11-99].py
[-] Indicates the range of character matching
A py program file that matches one lowercase character in the file name
ls [az].py
5. cd switch working directory
using the format cd destination directory
cd or cd ~ switch to the user's home directory <home directory>
cd . Enter the current directory
cd . . Enter the upper directory
pwd to view the
relative path
of the current directory The path information described from the current
absolute path The path information described
from the / root directory
6. Create a directory
mkdir directory name
mkdir test
mkdir -p multi-level directory
mkdir -p 1/2/3
delete file directory remove remove
rm file name
rm 1.py
rm *.py
rm -r directory name recursively delete
rm -r 1
7. Copy files or directories cp copy
using format cp source data destination directory
cp can Modify the file name while copying the file
cp source data destination directory/destination file
name8. Cut move move
using format mv source data destination directory9.
tree display the structure of the specified directory10.
display file content
cat
display a certain file content cat file name
merge file cat file 1 file 2 >
When the new file merges the file, if the new file exists, the overwrite does not exist, then the new
more command can display the output redirection in split screen when viewing the content of a file
- change the original output direction of a data and output it to another specified target Medium
> Overwrite
>> Append
cat 1.txt
cat 1.txt cat.txt > 2.txt
cat 1.txt cat.txt >> 2.txt
11. Find files according to file name permissions size
find top directory -name 'filename '
12. Search based on file data
grep 'hello' grep.txt
grep feature filename
13. ln link link file
link file - quick access to source files based on linked file
Soft link ln -s Source file Soft link file
Features
Soft link file takes up very little space
Once the source file is deleted, the soft link file is unavailable,
you can modify the source file according to the soft link file
Soft link can create soft links across partition directories
Hard links ln source files
Features of hard link files
Hard link files occupy the same size as the source file.
Once the source file is deleted, the hard link file is still available.
You can modify the
nature of the source file according to the hard link file: The hard link file and the source file are actually one file data with different names and the
data has been deleted . A name of the file does not affect the data of the file's data unless all name
extensions of the file are removed:
ls -i View the iNode number of all files (a unique number is assigned to each file)
ls -l The second column in the details The meaning of the data is the number of hard links
Ctrl c terminates the process
14. The output of the pipeline
command is used as the input of another command
| Display the
data of a file in a split screen cat file | more
display the detailed information of all files in the current directory Split screen display ls -al | more
Display the detailed information of the directory under the current directory ls -l | grep '^d'
15. tar archive By default
, only packaging is not compressed
and packaged and compress tar -zcvf x.tar.gz list of compressed files tar -zcvf 1.tar.gz linux_test/ gzip unpack and unpack tar -zxvf x.tar.gz tar -zxvf 1.tar.gz bzip2 pack and Compressed tar -jcvf x.tar.bz2 List of compressed files tar -jcvf 1.tar.bz2 bak/ bzip2 Unpacked and decompressed tar -jxvf x.tar.bz2 tar jxvf 1.tar.bz2 16. which command to view the system Command location 17. Permission - means that the permission is not set r read read 4 w write write 2 x eXecute execute permission 1 user group other all
u go o a
file belongs to user file belongs group other
rw- r-- r--
6 4 4
modify
chmod u+x desktop.zip
chmod or desktop.zip
chmod a+w desktop.zip
chmod u=rw desktop.zip
chmod ux,g +w desktop.zip
digital modification method
chmod 744 desktop.zip
chmod 740 desktop.zip
18. User
root user super administrator
python user administrator -- can borrow super administrator privileges
xiaohei ordinary user -- sudoer control administrator list
sudo The command can borrow the superuser administrative privileges to run the command
sudo -s to switch to the root user
whoami to view the current user name
passwd user name
When switching to another user exit Exit the user you are using
exit exit the terminal
19. Software installation
1. Network installation of CentOS YUM install package
2. Offline
CentOS .rpm rpm -ivh *.rpm
UBUNTU .deb dpkg -i *.deb
3 . Source installation
.c .cpp
./configure && make && make install
4. Update software source
download speed is fast Tsinghua Ali 163
sudo vim /etc/apt/source.list Save
sudo apt-get update Connect server to server to compare software information Ubuntu apt-get install package
sudo apt-get remove tree
sudo apt-get install sl tree
20. Connect to the remote server
ifconfig Check the IP address of the server
ifconfig
to ensure network connectivity with the remote server The virtual machine should try to maintain bridge mode
ping 192.168.27.73
server install openssh-server
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
connect server
ssh [email protected]