TCP/IP protocol and configuration, configure workgroup network, configure Internet access
1. TCP/IP protocol
1. TCP/IP communication protocol: It is the most complete and widely supported communication protocol at present. It allows communication between computers with different network architectures and different operating systems. It is the standard communication protocol of the Internet.
2. Three elements of communication between host and host
IP address (subnet mask) IP router (IP router)
2. IP address
1. Function: used to identify the network address of a node
2. Composition: 32 binary bits, converted into 4 decimal numbers to represent, separated by . is also called dotted decimal
By network bit + host bit
There are two types of IP addresses, one is static IP address and the other is dynamic IP address
3. IP address classification:
A 1 ~ 127 net+main+main+main B 128 ~ 191 net+net+main+main
C 192 ~ 223 Net+Net+Net+Master D 224 ~ 239 Multicast (multicast)
E 240 ~ 254 Research
4. Default subnet mask
Class A 255.0.0.0 Class B 255.255.0.0 Class C 255.255.255.0
5. Gateway
It is the "gateway" between one network and another network.
6. Public IP address and private IP address
Public address: It can also be called a public network address, through which you can directly access the Internet, which is within the scope of the wide area network.
Private address: It can also be called a private network address, which is specially used for the internal use of the organization. It is within the scope of the local area network, and you cannot access the Internet outside the local area network.
Private address range:
Class A 10.0.0.1 to 10.255.255.254
Class B 172.16.0.1 to 172.31.255.254
Class C 192.168.0.1 ~ 192.168.255.254
3. Configure IP address parameters
1. View the configuration information of the IP address
Start | Control Panel | Network and Sharing Center | Click the View Status button to the right of Local Area Connection | Click Details or Win + R key combination Run: Cmd to open a command line window, execute ipconfig or
ipconfig /all View detailed IP configuration.
2. Alternate configuration of IP address
When you choose to obtain an IP address automatically, a backup configuration will be added, and the backup configuration will be automatically enabled when the computer fails to obtain an IP address from the DHCP server and other parameters.
There are two ways of alternate configuration:
1) Dedicated IP address: 169.254.0.1 ~ 169.254.255.254, the subnet mask is 255.255.0.0
2) User manual configuration:
3. Configure IP address/default gateway
Network -- right click -- properties -- change adapter settings -- select a network right click -- properties -- protocol version 4 -- properties -- enable
Use the following IP address -- configure IP address
4. Test network connectivity
ping the target host IP address
Perform a loopback test Ping 127.0.0.1 ~ 127.0.0.254 to verify that the TCP/IP configuration is correct
5. Common ideas for network troubleshooting
① First ping the loopback address 127.0.0.1 to check the TCP/IP driver
② Then ping other hosts in this network segment to check the intranet communication
③ Ping the default gateway again to check the egress route
④ Ping other hosts on other network segments to check remote connectivity
6. Enable or disable the firewall
Start | Control Panel | Windows Firewall | Click the Change Settings button
Fourth, configure the workgroup network
1. Computer name Each computer sets the name for itself.
Note: Computer names must be unique on the network, even if they are in different workgroups, they cannot have the same name. After changing the computer name, you need to restart the computer to take effect.
2. Change the computer name
right click - computer - properties - advanced system settings - computer name and workgroup name - change -
3. Name of the working group
Each computer declares the name of the work group for itself. The characteristic of the work group is that multiple hosts can join the same work group. There is no management machine (group leader) in the work group, and each computer is independent and has an equal status.
4. Establish a working group
Right click on this computer --Manage--Local Users/Local Groups--New User/New Group--Create
5. Join the designated working group (two methods)
① Right-click My Computer--Manage--Local Users and Groups--Double-click the group to be entered--Add--Enter the member name--Check the name--Confirm--Restart the virtual machine to take effect
② Right-click My Computer--Manage--Local Users and Groups--Double-click the user--Belong to--Enter the name of the group to be added--Check the name--Confirm--Restart the virtual machine to take effect
6. Access the workgroup network
Network -- Properties -- Change advanced sharing settings -- Enable network discovery and file sharing