Python string to datetime - strptime()

We can convert a string to datetime using strptime() function. This function is available in datetime and time modules to parse a string to datetime and time objects respectively.

We can strptime()convert string to datetime using function. This functionality is available in the datetime and time modules to parse strings into datetime and time objects respectively.

Python strptime() (Python strptime())

Python strptime() is a class method in datetime class. Its syntax is:

Python strptime() is a class method in the datetime class. Its syntax is:

datetime.strptime(date_string, format)

Both the arguments are mandatory and should be string. This function is exactly opposite of strftime() function, which converts datetime object to a string.

Both parameters are mandatory and should be strings. This function is the exact opposite of the strftime() function , which converts datetime objects to strings.

We have the similar function available in time module too, where its syntax is:

We also provide similar functionality in the time module with the syntax:

time.strptime(time_string[, format])

Here the function returns struct_time object. If format string is not provided, it defaults to “%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y” which matches the formatting returned by ctime() function.

Here, the function returns the struct_timeobject. If no format string is provided, it defaults to "%a%b%d%H:%M:%S%Y", which matches the format returned by the ctime() function.

If the input string cannot be parsed according to the provided format, then ValueError is raised. The exception message provides clear details about the issue in parsing.

Raised if the input string cannot be parsed according to the provided format ValueError. The exception message provides clear details about the problem in parsing.

Python strptime() format directives ( Python strptime() format directives )

Following table contains most of the commonly used format directives.

The following table contains the most commonly used format directives.

Directive Description Example Output
%a Weekday as locale’s abbreviated name. Sun, Mon,…, Sat (en_US)
So, Mo,…, Sa (de_DE)
%A Weekday as locale’s full name. Sunday, Monday, …, Saturday (en_US)
Sunday, Monday, …, Saturday (de_DE)
%w Weekday as a decimal number, where 0 is Sunday and 6 is Saturday. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
%d Day of the month as a zero-padded decimal number. 01, 02, …, 31
%b Month as locale’s abbreviated name. Jan, Feb,…, Dec (en_US)
Jan, Feb,…, Dez (de_DE)
%B Month as locale’s full name. January, February, …, December (en_US)
January, February, …, Dezember (de_DE)
%m Month as a zero-padded decimal number. 01, 02 … 12
%and Year without century as a zero-padded decimal number. 01, 02, … 99
%AND Year with century as a decimal number. 0001, 0002, … , 9999
%H Hour (24-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number. 01, 02, … , 23
%I Hour (12-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number. 01, 02, … , 12
%p Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM. AM, PM (en_US)
am, pm (de_DE)
%M Minute as a zero-padded decimal number. 01, 02, … , 59
%S Second as a zero-padded decimal number. 01, 02, … , 59
%f Microsecond as a decimal number, zero-padded on the left. 000000, 000001, …, 999999
Not applicable with time module.
%z UTC offset in the form ±HHMM[SS] (empty string if the object is naive). (empty), +0000, -0400, +1030
%Z Time zone name (empty string if the object is naive). (empty), UTC, IST, CST
%j Day of the year as a zero-padded decimal number. 001, 002, …, 366
%U Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a zero padded decimal number.
All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.
00, 01, …, 53
%W Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number.
All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.
00, 01, …, 53
%c Locale’s appropriate date and time representation. Tue Aug 16 21:30:00 1988 (en_US)
Di 16 Aug 21:30:00 1988 (de_DE)
%x Locale’s appropriate date representation. 08/16/88 (None)
08/16/1988 (en_US)
16.08.1988 (de_DE)
%X Locale’s appropriate time representation. 21:30:00 (en_US)
21:30:00 (de_DE)
%% A literal ‘%’ character. %
指示 描述 示例输出
%一个 工作日为语言环境的缩写名称。 周日,周一,…,周六(en_US)
因此,Mo,...,Sa(de_DE)
%一个 工作日为语言环境的全名。 周日,周一,…,周六(zh_CN)
桑塔格,蒙塔格,…,萨姆斯塔格(de_DE)
%w 以十进制数表示的工作日,其中0是星期日,6是星期六。 0、1、2、3、4、5、6
%d 月份中的一天,以零填充的十进制数字表示。 01,02,…,31
%b 月作为语言环境的缩写名称。 一月,二月,…,十二月(en_US)
一月,二月,…,德兹(de_DE)
%B 月作为语言环境的全名。 一月,二月,…,十二月(zh_CN)
Januar,Februar,...,Dezember(de_DE)
%m 以零填充的十进制数字表示的月份。 01,02…12
%y 无世纪的年份,为零填充的十进制数字。 01,02,…99
%Y 以世纪作为十进制数字的年份。 0001、0002,…,9999
%H 小时(24小时制),为补零的十进制数字。 01,02,…,23
%一世 小时(12小时制),为零填充的十进制数字。 01,02,…,12
%p 相当于AM或PM的语言环境。 上午,下午(en_US)
上午,下午(de_DE)
%M 分钟,为零填充的十进制数字。 01,02,…,59
%S 第二个为零填充的十进制数。 01,02,…,59
%F 微秒,十进制数,在左侧补零。 000000,000001,…,999999
不适用于时间模块。
%z UTC偏移量,格式为±HHMM [SS](如果对象是天真对象,则为空字符串)。 (空),+ 0000,-0400,+ 1030
%Z 时区名称(如果对象是天真对象,则为空字符串)。 (空),UTC,IST,CST
%j 一年中的一天,为零填充的十进制数字。 001,002,…,366
%U 一年中的周号(星期日为一周的第一天),以零填充的十进制数表示。
新年中第一个星期日之前的所有天均视为第0周。
00,01,…,53
%W 一年中的星期数(星期一为一周的第一天),以十进制数表示。
第一个星期一之前的新的一年中的所有天均视为在第0周。
00,01,…,53
%C 语言环境的适当日期和时间表示。 星期二八月16 21:30:00 1988(zh_CN)
Di 16 Aug 21:30:00 1988(de_DE)
%X 语言环境的适当日期表示形式。 88年8月16日(无)
1988年8月16日(zh_CN)
1988年8月16日(de_DE)
%X 语言环境的适当时间表示形式。 21:30:00(zh_CN)
21:30:00(de_DE)
%% 文字“%”字符。

Python strptime()示例 (Python strptime() examples)

Let’s look into some specific examples of strptime() function to convert string to datetime and time objects.

我们来看一些将字符串转换为日期时间和时间对象的strptime()函数的特定示例。

字符串到日期时间 (String to datetime)

from datetime import datetime

datetime_str = '09/19/18 13:55:26'

datetime_object = datetime.strptime(datetime_str, '%m/%d/%y %H:%M:%S')

print(type(datetime_object))
print(datetime_object)  # printed in default format

Output:

输出:

<class 'datetime.datetime'>
2018-09-19 13:55:26

字符串到日期对象 (String to date object)

We can use date() function alongwith strptime() function to convert string to date object.

我们可以使用date()函数和strptime()函数将字符串转换为date对象。

date_str = '09-19-2018'

date_object = datetime.strptime(date_str, '%m-%d-%Y').date()
print(type(date_object))
print(date_object)  # printed in default formatting

Output:

输出:

<class 'datetime.date'>
2018-09-19

时间对象的字符串 (String to time object)

We can use time() function alongwith strptime() function to convert string to time object.

我们可以使用time()函数和strptime()函数将字符串转换为时间对象。

time_str = '13::55::26'
time_object = datetime.strptime(time_str, '%H::%M::%S').time()
print(type(time_object))
print(time_object)

Output:

输出:

<class 'datetime.time'>
13:55:26

Python时间strptime()示例 (Python time strptime() example)

Let’s see some examples of using time module strptime() function.

我们来看一些使用时间模块strptime()函数的示例。

import time

time_obj = time.strptime(time_str, '%H::%M::%S')
print(type(time_obj))
print(time_obj)

# default formatting - "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"
print(time.strptime('Wed Sep 19 14:55:02 2018'))

Output:

输出:

<class 'time.struct_time'>
time.struct_time(tm_year=1900, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=1, tm_hour=13, tm_min=55, tm_sec=26, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=1, tm_isdst=-1)
time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=9, tm_mday=19, tm_hour=14, tm_min=55, tm_sec=2, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=262, tm_isdst=-1)

Python strptime()ValueError示例 (Python strptime() ValueError Example)

We can use try-except block to catch parsing exception and perform corrective actions.

我们可以使用try-except块来捕获解析异常并执行纠正措施。

datetime_str = '09/19/18 13:55:26'

try:
    datetime_object = datetime.strptime(datetime_str, '%m/%d/%y')
except ValueError as ve:
    print('ValueError Raised:', ve)

time_str = '99::55::26'

try:
    time_object = time.strptime(time_str, '%H::%M::%S')
except ValueError as e:
    print('ValueError:', e)

Output:

输出:

ValueError Raised: unconverted data remains:  13:55:26
ValueError: time data '99::55::26' does not match format '%H::%M::%S'

Notice that the ValueError message clearly explains the root cause of the parsing exception.

请注意,ValueError消息清楚地解释了解析异常的根本原因。

Python使用区域设置将字符串转换为日期时间 (Python Convert String to Datetime with locale)

Let’s look at an example where a locale-specific string will be converted to datetime object. We will use locale module to set the locale to be used by python.

让我们看一个示例,其中将特定于语言环境的字符串转换为datetime对象。 我们将使用语言环境模块来设置要由python使用的语言环境。

import locale

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'de_DE')
date_str_de_DE = '10-Dezember-2018 Montag'  # de_DE locale
datetime_object = datetime.strptime(date_str_de_DE, '%d-%B-%Y %A')
print(datetime_object)

Output: 2018-12-10 00:00:00

输出: 2018-12-10 00:00:00

GitHub Repository. GitHub存储库中检出完整的python脚本和更多Python示例。

References: datetime strptime(), time strptime()

参考: datetime strptime()时间strptime()

翻译自: https://www.journaldev.com/23365/python-string-to-datetime-strptime

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