Python uses selenium module to simulate login 12306

Overview of selenium modules

　　The selenium module is a module based on browser automation. In other words, using selenium can let the browser automatically run according to the code written by itself.

　　corresponding syntax

　　Write operational code for browser-based automation

　　·  Initiate a request: get(url)

　　Label positioning: the method of find series 

　　·  Tab interaction: send_ keys('xxx')

　　·  Execute js program: execute _script('jsCode ') to move forward and backward: back() ,forward()

　　·  Close the browser: quit()

　　I won't go into details about the installation of the selenium module here.

　　The specific process of logging in

　　general idea:

　　·  Use selenium to initiate a request to the 12306 website and open the login page

　　Locate the user account box, user password box and login button according to the id value of the tag 

　　After filling in the  account password, click the login button

　　Perform  slider verification

　　·  Successful login

　　# Get user account input box and password input box according to id

　　username_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('J-userName')

　　password_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('J-password')

　　# Fill in your own account and password

　　username_tag.send_keys('xxxxxxx')

　　time.sleep(1)

　　password_tag.send_keys('xxxxxxxx')

　　# Get the login button by id

　　login_btn = driver.find_element_by_id('J-login')

　　# Click the login button

　　login_btn.click()

　　After clicking the login button again, the 12306 server will pop up the slider verification window, which requires us to use the code to simulate the browser to click and slide to complete the verification. Here we use the action chain to complete a series of operations: click and hold, drag a certain distance in the specified direction.

　　Action chain usage

　　Here we introduce the use of action chains. Using action chains is very simple.

　　1. Import the corresponding module from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

　　2. Use the constructor to get the action chain object

　　# Define the action chain, click and drag　

　aco = ActionChains(driver)

　　# 点击并长按

　　aco.click_and_hold(span)

　　# 位移指定的距离

　　aco.move_by_offset(25,0).perform()

　　Note: The .perform() method must be called for the action chain to perform the corresponding operation.

　　Finish dragging the captcha slider

　　# Define the action chain, click and drag

　　aco = ActionChains(driver)

　　# 点击并长按

　　aco.click_and_hold(span)

　　#perform()立即执行动作链操作

　　for i in range(5):

　　    aco.move_by_offset(25,0).perform()

　　    time.sleep(0.3)

　　# 释放动作链

　　aco.release()

　　Avoid detection

　　Since 12306 will recognize browser actions that use selenium modules, in order to avoid the corresponding detection, we must also add the corresponding code.
　

　from selenium.webdriver import ChromeOptions

　　chrome_options = Options()

　　chrome_options.add_argument("--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled")

　　driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='你的chromedriver路径',chrome_options=chrome_options)

　　full code　

　from selenium import webdriver

　　import requests

　　from lxml import etree

　　from selenium.webdriver import Chrome

　　from selenium.webdriver import ChromeOptions

　　from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

　　import time

　　# 实现无可视化界面

　　from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import  Options

　　chrome_options = Options()

　　chrome_options.add_argument("--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled")

　　# 这里填入你自己的chromedriver的安装路径

　　driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='C:/Users/Declan/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome/Application/chromedriver',chrome_options=chrome_options)

　　driver.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html')

　　# 根据id获取用户账号输入框、密码输入框

　　username_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('J-userName')

　　password_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('J-password')

　　# 填入自己的账号和密码

　　username_tag.send_keys('xxxxxxxx')

　　time.sleep(1)

　　password_tag.send_keys('xxxxxx')

　　# 根据id获取登录按钮

　　login_btn = driver.find_element_by_id('J-login')

　　# 点击登录按钮

　　login_btn.click()

　　# 这里必须得休眠，不然运行速度太夸，代码难以定位到滑块

　　time.sleep(2)

　　span = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('.btn_slide')

　　# 定义动作链，点击并拖拽

　　aco = ActionChains(driver)

　　# 点击并长按

　　aco.click_and_hold(span)

　　#perform()立即执行动作链操作

　　for i in range(5):

　　    aco.move_by_offset(25,0).perform()

　　    time.sleep(0.3)

　　# 释放动作链

　　aco.release()

　　time.sleep(2)

　　ok_btn = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('.ok')

　　ok_btn.click()

　　time.sleep(5)

　　driver.quit()