1 Introduction
Pickles, a new proof system and associated toolkit, is the first deployable SNARK that can be recursively synthesized without trusted setup.
In the Coda testnet (3.3), the Mina team released Pickles .
Pickles consists of 2 elements:
- core zkSNARK
- Developer Toolkit: Contains extensive library functions and Pickles inductive proof system
2. Pickles core zkSNARK
Pickles' zkSNARKs significantly improve Coda's previous Groth16-based recursive SNARKs in a number of ways:
- 1) By switching from a large 753-bit field to a small 255-bit field, the efficiency of the entire Coda has been improved:
- 16x faster VRF evaluation
- Hash operation speed increased by 8x
- Ledger storage requirements reduced by 3x
- 2) Removed trusted settings. Pickles are: Halo-based inner product argument + batch processing technology + customized constraints + a lot of optimization.
- 3) Supports custom constraints for efficient recursion, in particular allowing efficient:
- Poseidon hash operation
- Elliptic curve scaling calculation, addition calculation and doubling calculation.
3. Pickles Developer Toolkit
The Pickles Inductive Proof System in the Pickles Developer Toolkit.
References
[1] Pickles of Mina protocol manual
[2] Mina official blog in August 2020 Meet Pickles SNARK: Enabling Smart Contracts on Coda Protocol