JavaEE 项目练习
一、目标
①.模拟实现一个基于文本界面的《开发团队调度软件》
②.熟悉Java面向对象的高级特性，进一步掌握编程技巧和调试技巧
③.主要涉及以下知识点：
类的继承性和多态性；对象的值传递，接口；static和final修饰符；特殊类的使用：包装类，抽象类，内部类；异常处理等。
二、功能设计需求说明
该软件实现以下功能：
①.软件启动时，根据给定的数据创建f公司部分成员列表（数组）
②.根据菜单提示，基于现有的公司成员，组建一个开发团队开发项目
③.组建过程包括将成员插入到团队中，或从团队中删除某成员，还可以列出团队中现有成员的列表
④.开发团队包括架构师，设计师和程序员
三、界面设计需求
主界面显示公司成员列表需求如下：
添加成员界面需求如下：
操作失败界面需求如下：
四、软件设计结构
该软件由以下三个模块组成：
①.com.atguigu.team.view 模块为主控模块，负责菜单的显示和处理操作
②.com.atguigu.tram.service 模块为实体对象（Employee及其子类如程序员等）的管理模块；NameListService 和 TeamService 类分别用各自的数组来管理公司员工和开发团队成员对象
③.domain 模块为 Employee 及其子类等 JavaBean 类所在的包
五、搭建项目
com.team.domain包下的类
package com.team.domain;
public interface Equipment {
public String getDescription();
}
package com.team.domain;
public class PC implements Equipment{
private String model;
private String display;
public PC() {
super();
}
public PC(String model, String display) {
super();
this.model = model;
this.display = display;
}
public void setModel(String model) {
this.model = model;
}
public String getModel() {
return model;
}
public void setDisplay(String display) {
this.display = display;
}
public String getDisplay() {
return display;
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
return model + "(" + display + ")";
}
}
package com.team.domain;
public class Notebook implements Equipment {
private String model;
private double price;
public Notebook() {
super();
}
public Notebook(String model, double price) {
super();
this.model = model;
this.price = price;
}
public void setModel(String model) {
this.model = model;
}
public String getModel() {
return model;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
return model + "(" + price +")";
}
}
package com.team.domain;
public class Printer implements Equipment{
private String name;
private String type;
public Printer() {
super();
}
public Printer(String name, String type) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
return name + "(" + type +")";
}
}
package com.team.domain;
public class Employee {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
private double salary;
public Employee() {
super();
}
public Employee(int id, String name, int age, double salary) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.salary = salary;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public String getDetails() {
return id + "\t" + name + "\t" + age + "\t" + salary;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return getDetails();
}
}
package com.team.domain;
import com.team.service.Status;
public class Programmer extends Employee{
private int memberId;//开发团队中的id
private Status status = Status.FREE;//调用Status类中的FREE属性
private Equipment equipment;
public Programmer() {
super();
}
public Programmer(int id, String name, int age, double salary, Equipment equipment) {
super(id, name, age, salary);
this.equipment = equipment;
}
public int getMemberId() {
return memberId;
}
public void setMemberId(int memberId) {
this.memberId = memberId;
}
public Equipment getEquipment() {
return equipment;
}
public void setEquipment(Equipment equipment) {
this.equipment = equipment;
}
public Status getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(Status status) {
this.status = status;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return getDetails() + "\t程序员\t" + status + "\t\t\t" + equipment.getDescription();
}
public String getTeamBaseDetails() {
return memberId + "/" + getId() + "\t" + getName() + "\t" + getAge() + "\t" + getSalary();
}
public String getDetailsForteam() {
return getTeamBaseDetails() + "\t程序员";
}
}
package com.team.domain;
public class Designer extends Programmer {
private double bonus;
public Designer() {
super();
}
public Designer(int id, String name, int age, double salary, Equipment equipment, double bonus) {
super(id, name, age, salary, equipment);
this.bonus = bonus;
}
public double getBonus() {
return bonus;
}
public void setBonus(double bonus) {
this.bonus = bonus;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return getDetails() + "\t设计师\t" + getStatus() + "\t" + bonus + "\t\t" + getEquipment().getDescription();
}
@Override
public String getDetailsForteam() {
return getTeamBaseDetails() + "\t设计师\t" + getBonus();
}
}
package com.team.domain;
public class Architect extends Designer {
private int stock;
public Architect() {
super();
}
public Architect(int id, String name, int age, double salary, Equipment equipment, double bonus, int stock) {
super(id, name, age, salary, equipment, bonus);
this.stock = stock;
}
public int getStock() {
return stock;
}
public void setStock(int stock) {
this.stock = stock;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return getDetails() + "\t架构师\t" + getStatus() + "\t" + getBonus() + "\t" + stock + "\t" + getEquipment().getDescription();
}
@Override
public String getDetailsForteam() {
return getTeamBaseDetails() + "\t架构师\t" + getBonus() + "\t" + getStock();
}
}
com.team.service包下的类
package com.team.service;
public class Data {
public static final int EMPLOYEE = 10;
public static final int PROGRAMMER = 11;
public static final int DESIGNER = 12;
public static final int ARCHITECT = 13;
public static final int PC = 21;
public static final int NOTEBOOK = 22;
public static final int PRINTER = 23;
//Employee : 10, id, name, age, salary
//Programmer: 11, id, name, age, salary
//Designer : 10, id, name, age, salary, bonus
//Architect : 10, id, name, age, salary, bonus, stock
public static final String[][] EMPLOYEES = {
{"10", "1", "马云", "22", "3000"},
{"13", "2", "马化腾", "32", "18000", "15000", "2000"},
{"11", "3", "李彦宏", "23", "7000"},
{"11", "4", "刘强东", "24", "7300"},
{"12", "5", "雷军", "28", "10000", "5000"},
{"11", "6", "任志强", "22", "6800"},
{"12", "7", "柳传志", "29", "10800","5200"},
{"13", "8", "杨元庆", "30", "19800", "15000", "2500"},
{"12", "9", "史玉柱", "26", "9800", "5500"},
{"11", "10", "丁磊", "21", "6600"},
{"11", "11", "张朝阳", "25", "7100"},
{"12", "12", "杨致远", "27", "9600", "4800"}
};
//如下的EQUIPMENT数组与上面的EMPLOYEES数组元素一一对应
//PC :21, model, display
//Notebook :22, model, price
//Printer :23, name, type
public static final String[][] EQUIPMENTS = {
{},
{"22", "联想T4", "6000"},
{"21", "戴尔", "NEC17寸"},
{"21", "戴尔", "三星 17寸"},
{"23", "佳能 2900", "激光"},
{"21", "华硕", "三星 17寸"},
{"21", "华硕", "三星 17寸"},
{"23", "爱普生20K", "针式"},
{"22", "惠普m6", "5800"},
{"21", "戴尔", "NEC 17寸"},
{"21", "华硕","三星 17寸"},
{"22", "惠普m6", "5800"}
};
}
package com.team.service;
public class Status {
private final String NAME;
private Status(String name) {
this.NAME =name;
}
public static final Status FREE = new Status("FREE");
public static final Status VOCATION = new Status("VOCATION");
public static final Status BUSY = new Status("BUSY");
public String getName() {
return NAME;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return NAME;
}
}
package com.team.service;
import com.team.domain.Architect;
import com.team.domain.Designer;
import com.team.domain.Employee;
import com.team.domain.Equipment;
import com.team.domain.Notebook;
import com.team.domain.PC;
import com.team.domain.Printer;
import com.team.domain.Programmer;
import static com.team.service.Data.*;
/**
*
*
* @Description 负责将Data中的数据封装到Employee[]数组中，同时提供相关操作Employee[]的方法
* @author jzh Email:[email protected]
* @version
* @date Apr 11, 2021 4:30:27 PM
*
*/
public class NameListService {
private Employee[] employees;//employees用来保存公司所有员工对象
/**
* 给employees及数组元素进行初始化
*/
public NameListService() {
// 1.根据项目提供的Data类构建相应大小的employees数组
// 2.再根据Data类中的数据构建不同的对象，包括Employee、Programmer、Designer和Architect对象，以及相关联的Equipment子类的对象
// 3.将对象存于数组中
employees = new Employee[EMPLOYEES.length];
for(int i = 0;i < employees.length;i++) {
//获取员工的类型
int type = Integer.parseInt(EMPLOYEES[i][0]);
//获取Employee的4个基本信息
int id = Integer.parseInt(EMPLOYEES[i][1]);
String name = EMPLOYEES[i][2];
int age = Integer.parseInt(EMPLOYEES[i][3]);
double salary = Double.parseDouble(EMPLOYEES[i][4]);
Equipment equipment;
double bonus;
int stock;
switch(type) {
case EMPLOYEE://为了可读性，不使用数字
employees[i] = new Employee(id, name, age, salary);
break;
case PROGRAMMER:
equipment = createEquipment(i);
employees[i] = new Programmer(id, name, age, salary,equipment);
break;
case DESIGNER:
equipment = createEquipment(i);
bonus = Double.parseDouble(EMPLOYEES[i][5]);
employees[i] = new Designer(id, name, age, salary, equipment, bonus);
break;
case ARCHITECT:
equipment = createEquipment(i);
bonus = Double.parseDouble(EMPLOYEES[i][5]);
stock = Integer.parseInt(EMPLOYEES[i][6]);
employees[i] = new Architect(id, name, age, salary, equipment, bonus, stock);
break;
}
}
}
/**
*
*
* @Description 获取指定index上的员工的设备
* @author jzh
* @date Apr 11, 2021 5:23:15 PM
* @param n
* @return
*/
private Equipment createEquipment(int index) {
int key = Integer.parseInt(EQUIPMENTS[index][0]);
String modelOrName = EQUIPMENTS[index][1];
switch (key) {
case PC:
String display = EQUIPMENTS[index][2];
return new PC(modelOrName,display);
case NOTEBOOK:
double price = Double.parseDouble(EQUIPMENTS[index][2]);
return new Notebook(modelOrName,price);
case PRINTER:
String type = EMPLOYEES[index][2];
return new Printer(modelOrName, type);
}
return null;
}
/**
*
*
* @Description 获取当前所有员工
* @author jzh
* @date Apr 11, 2021 7:33:11 PM
* @param n
* @return
*/
public Employee[] getAllEmployees(){
return employees;
}
/**
*
*
* @Description 获取指定ID的员工对象
* @author jzh
* @date Apr 11, 2021 7:34:17 PM
* @param n
* @return
*/
public Employee getEmployee(int id) throws TeamException{
for(int i = 0;i <employees.length;i++) {
if(employees[i].getId() == id) {
return employees[i];
}
}
throw new TeamException("找不到指定的员工");
}
}
package com.team.service;
/**
*
*
* @Description 自定义异常类
* @author jzh Email:[email protected]
* @version
* @date Apr 11, 2021 4:21:31 PM
*
*/
public class TeamException extends Exception {
static final long serialVersionUID = -3387514229948L;
public TeamException() {
super();
}
public TeamException(String msg) {
super(msg);
}
}
package com.team.service;
/**
*
*
* @Description 关于开发团队成员的管理：添加、删除等。
* @author jzh Email:[email protected]
* @version
* @date Apr 11, 2021 7:41:55 PM
*
*/
import com.team.domain.Architect;
import com.team.domain.Designer;
import com.team.domain.Employee;
import com.team.domain.Programmer;
public class TeamService {
private int counter = 1;//给memberId赋值使用
private final int MAX_MEMBER = 5;//限制开发团队的人数
private Programmer[] team = new Programmer[MAX_MEMBER];//保存开发团队成员
private int total = 0;//记录开发团队中实际的人数
public TeamService() {
super();
}
/**
*
*
* @Description 获取开发团队中的所有成员
* @author jzh
* @date Apr 11, 2021 7:52:36 PM
* @param n
* @return
*/
public Programmer[] getTeam() {
Programmer[] team = new Programmer[total];
for(int i = 0;i < team.length;i++) {
team[i] = this.team[i];
}
return team;
}
/**
*
*
* @Description 将指定的员工添加到开发团队中
* @author jzh
* @date Apr 11, 2021 7:54:41 PM
* @param n
* @return
*/
public void addMember(Employee e) throws TeamException{
//成员已满，无法添加
if(total >= MAX_MEMBER) {
throw new TeamException("成员已满，无法添加");
}
//该成员不是开发人员，无法添加
if(!(e instanceof Programmer)) {//Programmer是设计师和架构师的父类和间接父类
throw new TeamException("该成员不是开发人员，无法添加");
}
//该员工已在本开发团队中
if(isExit(e)) {
throw new TeamException("该员工已在本开发团队中");
}
//该员工已是某团队成员
//该员工正在休假，无法添加
Programmer p = (Programmer)e;//一定不会出现ClassCastException
if("BUSY".equalsIgnoreCase(p.getStatus().getName())) {
throw new TeamException("该员工已是某团队成员");
}else if("VOCATION".equalsIgnoreCase(p.getStatus().getName())) {
throw new TeamException("该员工正在休假，无法添加");
}
// 团队中至多只能有一名架构师
// 团队中至多只能有两名设计师
// 团队中至多只能有三名程序员
//获取team已有成员中架构师，设计师，程序员的人数
int numOfArch = 0,numOfDes = 0,numOfPro = 0;
for(int i = 0;i < total;i++) {
if(team[i] instanceof Architect) {
numOfArch++;
}else if(team[i] instanceof Designer) {
numOfDes++;
}else if(team[i] instanceof Programmer) {
numOfPro++;
}
}
if(p instanceof Architect) {
if(numOfArch >= 1) {
throw new TeamException("团队中至多只能有一名架构师");
}
}else if(p instanceof Designer) {
if(numOfDes >= 2) {
throw new TeamException("团队中至多只能有两名设计师");
}
}else if(p instanceof Programmer) {
if(numOfPro >= 3) {
throw new TeamException("团队中至多只能有三名程序员");
}
}
//将p（或 e）添加到现有的team中
team[total++] = p;
//p的属性赋值
p.setStatus(Status.BUSY);
p.setMemberId(counter++);
}
/**
*
*
* @Description 判断指定的员工是否已经存在于现有的开发团队中
* @author jzh
* @date Apr 11, 2021 8:14:50 PM
* @param n
* @return
*/
private boolean isExit(Employee e) {
for(int i = 0;i < total;i++) {
return team[i].getId() == e.getId();
}
return false;
}
/**
*
*
* @Description 从团队中删除成员
* @author jzh
* @date Apr 11, 2021 8:16:51 PM
* @param n
* @return
*/
public void removeMember(int memberId) throws TeamException{
int i = 0;
for(;i < total;i++) {
if(team[i].getMemberId() == memberId) {
team[i].setStatus(Status.FREE);
break;
}
}
//未找到指定memberId的情况
if(i == total) {
throw new TeamException("找不到指定memberId的员工，删除失败");
}
//后一个元素覆盖前一个元素，实现删除操作
for(int j = i + 1;j < total;j++) {
team[j - 1] = team[j];
}
team[--total] = null;
}
}
com.team.view包中的类
package com.team.view;
import java.util.*;
/**
*
* @Description 项目中提供了TSUtility.java类，可用来方便的实现键盘访问
* @author jzh Email:[email protected]
* @version
* @date Apr 10, 2021 2:58:20 PM
*
*/
public class TSUtility {
private static Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
/**
*
*
* @Description 该方法读取键盘，如果用户键入'1'—'4'中的任意字符，则方法返回。返回值为用户键入字符
* @author jzh
* @date Apr 10, 2021 3:10:31 PM
* @param n
* @return
*/
public static char readMenuSelection() {
char c;
for(;;) {
String str = readKeyBoard(1,false);
c = str.charAt(0);
if(c != '1' && c!= '2' &&
c != '3' && c!= '4') {
System.out.println("选择错误，请重新输入：");
}else break;
}
return c;
}
/**
*
*
* @Description 该方法提示并等待，直到用户按回车键后返回
* @author jzh
* @date Apr 10, 2021 4:02:00 PM
* @param n
* @return
*/
public static void readReturn() {
System.out.println("按回车键继续...");
readKeyBoard(100,true);
}
/**
*
*
* @Description 该方法从键盘读取一个长度不超过2位的整数，并将其作为方法的返回值。
* @author jzh
* @date Apr 10, 2021 4:05:14 PM
* @param n
* @return
*/
public static int readInt() {
int n;
for(;;) {
String str = readKeyBoard(2, false);
try {
n = Integer.parseInt(str);
break;
}catch(NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.println("数字输入错误，请重新输入：");
}
}
return n;
}
/**
*
*
* @Description 从键盘读取‘Y’或’N’，并将其作为方法的返回值。
* @author jzh
* @date Apr 10, 2021 4:13:07 PM
* @param n
* @return
*/
public static char readConfirmSelection() {
char c;
for(;;) {
String str = readKeyBoard(1, false).toLowerCase().toUpperCase();
c = str.charAt(0);
if(c == 'Y' || c == 'N') {
break;
}else {
System.out.print("选择错误，请重新输入：");
}
}
return c;
}
private static String readKeyBoard(int limit, boolean blankReturn) {
String line = "";
while(scanner.hasNextLine()) {
line = scanner.nextLine();
if(line.length() == 0){
if(blankReturn)return line;
else continue;
}
if(line.length() < 1 || line.length() > limit) {
System.out.print("输入长度（不大于" + limit + "）错误，请重新输入：");
continue;
}
break;
}
return line;
}
}
package com.team.view;
import com.team.domain.Employee;
import com.team.domain.Programmer;
import com.team.service.NameListService;
import com.team.service.TeamException;
import com.team.service.TeamService;
public class TeamView {
private NameListService listSvc = new NameListService();
private TeamService teamSvc = new TeamService();
public void enterMainMenu() {
boolean loopFlag = true;
char menu = 0;
while(loopFlag) {
if(menu != '1') {
listAllEmployees();
}
System.out.print("1-团队列表 2-添加团队成员 3-删除团队成员 4-退出 请选择(1-4)：");
menu = TSUtility.readMenuSelection();
switch (menu) {
case '1':
getTeam();
break;
case '2':
addMember();
break;
case '3':
deleteMember();
break;
case '4':
System.out.println("确认是否退出(Y/N)：");
char isExit = TSUtility.readConfirmSelection();
if(isExit == 'Y') {
loopFlag = false;
}
break;
}
}
}
/**
*
*
* @Description 显示所有员工的信息
* @author jzh
* @date Apr 11, 2021 8:44:01 PM
* @param n
* @return
*/
private void listAllEmployees() {
System.out.println("-------------------------------开发团队调度软件--------------------------------\n");
Employee[] employees = listSvc.getAllEmployees();
if(employees == null || employees.length == 0) {
System.out.println("公司中没有任何员工信息！");
}else {
System.out.println("ID\t姓名\t年龄\t工资\t职位\t状态\t奖金\t股票\t领用设备");
for(int i = 0;i <employees.length;i++) {
System.out.println(employees[i]);
}
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
}
private void getTeam() {//查看开发团队情况
System.out.println("--------------------团队成员列表---------------------\n");
Programmer[] team = teamSvc.getTeam();
if(team == null || team.length ==0) {
System.out.println("开发团队目前没有成员！");
}else {
System.out.println("TID/ID\t姓名\t年龄\t工资\t职位\t奖金\t股票\n");
for(int i = 0;i < team.length;i++) {
System.out.println(team[i].getDetailsForteam());
}
}
System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------------");
}
private void addMember() {//添加团队成员
System.out.println("---------------------添加成员---------------------");
System.out.print("请输入要添加的员工ID：");
int id = TSUtility.readInt();
try {
Employee emp = listSvc.getEmployee(id);
teamSvc.addMember(emp);
System.out.println("添加成功");
}catch(TeamException e){
System.out.println("添加失败，原因：" + e.getMessage());
}
//按回车键继续...
TSUtility.readReturn();
}
private void deleteMember() {//删除团队成员
System.out.println("---------------------删除成员---------------------");
System.out.print("请输入要删除员工的TID：");
int memberId = TSUtility.readInt();
System.out.println("确认是否删除(Y/N)：");
char isDelete = TSUtility.readConfirmSelection();
if(isDelete == 'N') {
return;
}
try {
teamSvc.removeMember(memberId);
System.out.println("删除成功");
} catch (TeamException e) {
System.out.println("删除失败，原因：" + e.getMessage());
}
//按回车键继续...
TSUtility.readReturn();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TeamView view = new TeamView();
view.enterMainMenu();
}
}
六、扩展应用
