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文章目录
产品文档：https://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart/
一、requests常见参数
def request(method, url, **kwargs):
:method: get\post\potions\head\put\patch\delete
:url: url = https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45451320?t=1
:data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
:param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
:param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.
:param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.
:param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{
'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload.
``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')``
or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content-type'`` is a string
defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers
to add for the file.
:param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
:param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send data
before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read
timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
:type timeout: float or tuple
:param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Enable/disable GET/OPTIONS/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE/HEAD redirection. Defaults to ``True``.
:type allow_redirects: bool
:param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
:param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``.
:param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.
:param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
:return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
:rtype: requests.Response
二、请求
代码如下（示例）：
import requests
# 请求：
# （1）get,post请求
r_get = requests.get('https://docs.python-requests.org/')
r_post = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data = {
'key':'value'})
# （2）put,delete,head,options请求
r_put = requests.put('https://httpbin.org/put', data = {
'key':'value'})
r_delete = requests.delete('https://httpbin.org/delete')
r_head = requests.head('https://httpbin.org/get')
r_options = requests.options('https://httpbin.org/get')
# （3）在URL中传递参数,列表传递这种很少碰到
payload = "spm=1000.2115.3001.5343"
payload1 = {
'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
payload12 = {
'key1': 'value1', 'key2': ['value2', 'value3']}
r_payload = requests.get('https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45451320', params=payload)
print(r_payload.url)
# 返回结果：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45451320?spm=1000.2115.3001.5343
"""
Requests 显式引发的所有异常都继承自 requests.exceptions.RequestException.
如果请求超时，Timeout则会引发异常。
如果请求超过配置的最大重定向数， TooManyRedirects则会引发异常。
"""
三、响应
代码如下（示例）：
r = requests.get('https://docs.python-requests.org/')
print(r.status_code)
print(r.encoding) # 查看requests正在使用的编码格式
print(r.content)
# print(r.text)
# print(r.json())
# 极少数情况下，我们会获取原始响应内容，r.raw,stream必须设置ture,将内容输出到文件中
r_stream = requests.get('https://docs.python-requests.org/', stream=True)
with open("./run.log", 'wb') as fd:
# Response.iter_content将自动解码gzip和deflate 传输编码。
for i in r_stream.iter_content(chunk_size=128):
fd.write(i)
print(r.raw)
print(r.raw.read(10))