Deep understanding of CAS and atomic references
One, in-depth understanding of CAS
What is CAS
ublic class CASDemo {
//CAS compareAndSet:比较并交换
public static void main(String[] args) {
AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(2020);
// 期望、更新
// public final boolean compareAndSet(int expect, int update)
// 如果我期望的值达到了，那么就更新，否则，就不更新, CAS 是CPU的并发原语！
// ============== 捣乱的线程 ==================
System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2020,2021));
System.out.println(atomicInteger.get());
//atomicInteger.getAndIncrement();
System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2021,2020));
System.out.println(atomicInteger.get());
// ============== 期望的线程 ==================
System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2020,6666));
System.out.println(atomicInteger.get());
}
}
unsafe class
Word operation memory behind the figure above
CAS: Compare the value in the current working memory with the value in the main memory, if this value is expected, then perform the operation! If it is not, keep looping!
Disadvantages:
1. The cycle will be time consuming
2. Only one time can guarantee the atomicity of a shared variable
3. ABA problem
CAS: ABA problem (civet cat for prince)
public class CASDemo {
// CAS compareAndSet 比较并交换
public static void main(String[] args) {
AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(2020);
// 期望、更新
// public final boolean compareAndSet(int expect, int update)
// 如果期望得值成功了，那么就更新，否则就不更新 CAS是CPU的并发原语。
// ============== 捣乱的线程 ==================
System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2020, 2021));
System.out.println(atomicInteger.get());
System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2021, 2020));
System.out.println(atomicInteger.get());
// ============== 期望的线程 ==================
System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2020, 6666));
System.out.println(atomicInteger.get());
}
}
2. Atomic quote
Solve the ABA problem and introduce atomic references! Corresponding thought: optimistic lock!
Atomic operation with version number!
public class CASDemo {
// AtomicStampedReference 注意，如果泛型是一个包装类，注意对象的引用问题，范围内用同一个，超出自动new新的
// 正常在业务操作，这里面比较的都是一个个对象
static AtomicStampedReference<Integer> atomicStampedReference = new
AtomicStampedReference<>(1, 1);
// CAS compareAndSet : 比较并交换！
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(() -> {
int stamp = atomicStampedReference.getStamp(); // 获得版本号
System.out.println("a1=>" + stamp);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(1, 2,
atomicStampedReference.getStamp(),
atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1);
System.out.println("a2=>" + atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
System.out.println(atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(2, 1,
atomicStampedReference.getStamp(),
atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1));
System.out.println("a3=>" + atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
}, "a").start();
// 乐观锁的原理相同！
new Thread(() -> {
int stamp = atomicStampedReference.getStamp(); // 获得版本号
System.out.println("b1=>" + stamp);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(1, 6,
stamp, stamp + 1));
System.out.println("b2=>" + atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
}, "b").start();
}
}
note:
Integer uses the object caching mechanism, the default range is -128 ~ 127, it is recommended to use the static factory method valueOf to obtain object instances instead of new, because valueOf uses caching, and new will definitely create new objects and allocate new memory space;
