[Formal Language and Automata] A Preliminary Study-Basic Core Concepts
1. Language and research direction
natural language
〉The symbolic system that conveys information based on the sound of the respiratory organs , one of the most important communication tools and modes of existence for human beings 〉 The symbolization of brain thinking 〉 Natural language: languages that naturally evolve with culture, such as: Chinese, English, French , Russian... > There are more than 5,000 kinds in the world, and 13 of them have more than 50 million users. 5 official languages of the United Nations (Chinese, English, Russian, French, Spanish)
Artificial language
> A language created artificially for a specific purpose and purpose . There are two main types as follows:
> International auxiliary language : Esperanto
> Mathematical language, computer language: mathematical symbols, logic language, programming language
> But its essence: the essence of the symbol system that conveys information has not changed. The research on language is mainly embodied in the four aspects of the use of sound, form and meaning . Below we will start from these four aspects in turn:
- Phonetics : The system of pronunciation.
〉 Pronunciation includes: phoneme, syllable, intonation.
〉 Pronunciation is the most basic part of a language, and some languages do not even have text symbols. But human beings have a common pronunciation organ, but the pronunciation of different languages is very different, and the pronunciation of different dialects of the same language is also very different.
> So the International Phonetic Alphabet established a unified pronunciation record symbol system.