Golang build development environment

Golang development environment construction

Go language development kit

Abroad: https://golang.org/dl/

Domestic (recommended): https://golang.google.cn/dl/

editor

• Golang:https://www.jetbrains.com/go/
• Visual Studio Code: https://code.visualstudio.com/

To set up a Go language development environment, you need to download the Go language development kit first.

View operating system and version

Windows：

Mac:

Linux:

Terminal input uname -a, examples are as follows

Golang language development kit

The MSI installation method is relatively simple and recommended

This method is recommended on Windows systems. The current operating systems are basically 64-bit, so choose the 64-bit go1.15.windows-amd64.msi to download, if the operating system is 32-bit, choose go1.15.windows-386.msi to download .

After downloading, double-click the MSI installation file and follow the prompts to install it step by step. By default, the Go language development kit will be installed to the c:\Go directory. You can also choose the directory you want to install during the installation process.

Assuming it is installed in the c:\Go directory, the installer will automatically add c:\Go\bin to your PATH environment variable. If not, you can go through the system -> control panel -> advanced -> environment variable option. add manully. The example is as follows

• enter

• Configuration

Install under macOS

If your operating system is macOS, you can use the PKG installation package. Download go1.15.darwin-amd64.pkglater, double-click follow the prompts to install. After the installation is successful, the path /usr/local/go/binshould have been added to the PATH environment variable.

If not, you can add it manually by adding the following content to the /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile file and save it. The command is as follows

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin

BrewHome installation

# brewHome安装
brew install golang

Linux

• Protection management tool installation

# yum(Centos)
sudo yum -y update # 更新yum
sudo yum install -y golang
# apt(ubantu)
sudo apt -y update
sudo apt install -y golang

• Compressed package installation (please check the operating system version before installation)

# amd 版本
wget https://golang.google.cn/dl/go1.15.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz
# arm版本
https://golang.google.cn/dl/go1.15.4.linux-arm64.tar.gz

# 解压(amd)
sudo tar -C /usr/local/ -xzvf go1.15.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz
# 解压
sudo tar -C /usr/local/ -xzvf go1.15.4.linux-arm64.tar.gz

# 环境变量配置
# sudo vim /etc/profile
 export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
 export GOPATH=/home/bruce/go
 export GOBIN=$GOPATH/bin
 export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin
 export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin
# 环境变量生效
source /etc/profile

GOROOTSet the installation location of the golang development package, we unzip it to the /usr/local/directory, the folder under this directory go/must be the root directory of the go environment, that is go, don't have another go/directory after opening the directory.

GOBINDirectory is the implementation of go installan executable file of the directory

GOPATHIt is our working directory. Generally, we set it to the user directory. This should be configured according to the actual situation of your computer. Introducing the working directory structure of go. There are 3 subdirectories under the working directory we set

Test installation

# 任意目录下输入go version
go version go1.15.2 darwin/amd64
# 查看环境配置
go env

# go env
GO111MODULE="on"
GOARCH="amd64"
GOBIN=""
GOCACHE="/Users/stringle-004/Library/Caches/go-build"
GOENV="/Users/stringle-004/Library/Application Support/go/env"
GOEXE=""
GOFLAGS=""
GOHOSTARCH="amd64"
GOHOSTOS="darwin"
GOINSECURE=""
GOMODCACHE="/Users/stringle-004/go/pkg/mod"
GONOPROXY=""
GONOSUMDB=""
GOOS="darwin"
GOPATH="/Users/stringle-004/go"
GOPRIVATE=""
GOPROXY="https://goproxy.cn,direct"
GOROOT="/usr/local/go"		# golang开发包的安装位置
GOSUMDB="sum.golang.org"
GOTMPDIR=""
GOTOOLDIR="/usr/local/go/pkg/tool/darwin_amd64"
GCCGO="gccgo"
AR="ar"
CC="clang"
CXX="clang++"
CGO_ENABLED="1"
GOMOD="/Users/stringle-004/go/src/github.com/payne/awesomeProject/go.mod"
CGO_CFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_CPPFLAGS=""
CGO_CXXFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_FFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_LDFLAGS="-g -O2"
PKG_CONFIG="pkg-config"
GOGCCFLAGS="-fPIC -m64 -pthread -fno-caret-diagnostics -Qunused-arguments -fmessage-length=0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/var/folders/sb/__n99hm13ms08lkk2lv5pxj40000gn/T/go-build659271527=/tmp/go-build -gno-record-gcc-switches -fno-common"

GOPROXY

After Go1.14 version, it is recommended to use the go modmode to manage the dependent environment, and we no longer force us to write the code in GOPATHthe src directory below. You can write go code anywhere on your computer. (Some tutorials on the Internet are applicable before version 1.11.)

The default GoPROXY configuration is:, GOPROXY=https://proxy.golang.org,directbecause it is not accessible in China https://proxy.golang.org, we need to change to a PROXY, https://goproxy.ioor is recommended here https://goproxy.cn.

You can execute the following command to modify GOPROXY:

go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct

Cross-platform compilation

Another powerful feature of the Go language development kit is that it can be compiled across platforms. What is cross-platform compilation?

It is developed on macOS, you can compile executable programs on platforms such as Linux and Window, so that the programs you develop can run on these platforms. In other words, you can choose your favorite operating system for development, and cross-platform compilation into an executable program that needs to be released on the platform.

Go language by two environment variables to control cross-platform compilation, they are GOOSand GOARCH.

• GOOS: Represents the target operating system to be compiled. Common ones are Linux, Windows, Darwin, etc.

• GOARCH: Represents the target processor architecture to be compiled, common ones are 386, AMD64, ARM64, etc.

In this way, different executable programs can be compiled by combining different GOOS and GOARCH. For example, my current operating system is macOS AMD64. I want to compile an executable program for Linux AMD64. I only need to execute the go build command, as shown in the following code:

For more combinations of GOOS and GOARCH, please refer to the $GOOS and $GOARCH section of the official document.

GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build /Users/stringle-004/go/main.go

For more combinations of GOOS and GOARCH, please refer to the $GOOS and $GOARCH section of the official document .

Go editor

The first one is the Visual Studio Code + Go extension plug-in, which allows you to develop very efficiently. Download the corresponding operating system version of Visual Studio Code through the official website .

• Installation: Slightly (enter the official website, download and install)
• Visual Studio Code + Go settings

Install Chinese Simplified Plugin

Click the last item 管理扩展in the menu bar on the left 搜索框, enter it chinese, select the first item in the result list, and click installInstall.

After the installation is complete, there will be a prompt in the lower right corner 重启VS Code, and your VS Code will display Chinese after restarting!

VSCodeMain interface introduction:

Install go extension

Now we have to install Goextension plug-ins for our VS Code editor to support Go language development.

Install Chinese Simplified Plugin

Click the last item 管理扩展in the menu bar on the left 搜索框, enter it chinese, select the first item in the result list, and click installInstall.

After the installation is complete, there will be a prompt in the lower right corner 重启VS Code, and your VS Code will display Chinese after restarting!

The second is Goland launched by JetBrains, an established IDE company. All plugins have been integrated, easier to use, and powerful, suitable for novices and veterans. You can download and use it through the official website https://www.jetbrains.com/go/ .

The first Golang program

package main			# 可执行文件必须为package main开头

import "fmt"			# 导入“fmt”包，用于打印（fmt.Print（打印）、fmt.Println（换行打印）、fmt.Printf(格式化打印)等）

func main() {			# 主函数main
	fmt.Print("你好，我叫payne")		# 输入
}
# 你好，我叫payne

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