Foreword : Finance is the forefront of the implementation of blockchain. Decentralized finance represented by DeFi has attracted countless eyeballs this year. According to OKLINK data, the total lock-up volume of the DeFi protocol on Ethereum has exceeded 56 billion U.S. dollars and continues to rise. If open finance is to truly realize its huge potential, security and privacy are topics that cannot be circumvented. However, it should be noted that the public chain is built on a public permissionless infrastructure, and data has no privacy protection and is stored forever-we can hardly imagine what would happen if personal sensitive data or trade secret data were directly stored on Ethereum Layer 1.
A summary of the total lock-up volume data of the DeFi protocol on Ethereum
In 2009 , Satoshi Nakamoto brought Bitcoin, which provides a way closer to decentralization. Participants work together to maintain a standardized and tamper-proof transaction and electronic information record trust system, but this design All activities are required to be displayed in front of everyone. The absolute security of privacy should have become a unified consensus of the industry, but today it is almost reduced to cold knowledge. A very abnormal phenomenon is that the blockchain, as a permissionless trust network, increases its trust cost. The applications that most blockchain projects want to develop involve a lot of highly private information.
Mr. Zooko Wilcox , the founder of Zcash anonymous digital currency , said:
"He has to sacrifice confidentiality. Although he tells you to have multiple different payment addresses in order to keep it, it does not protect confidentiality well.
Blockchain believers really want to have a way to protect data privacy when using blockchain platforms, such as building a decentralized credit scoring model, decentralized fraud detection, blockchain-based genomic data and IoT data market, etc. Wait.
Therefore, the current challenges faced by DeFi and the entire industry require not only higher scalability, but also privacy protection to truly reduce the cost of trust, and prevent the leakage and theft of user transactions and asset information. There is an urgent lack of a general paradigm in the market that can achieve better data privacy in the computing layer of the blockchain.
I still remember that after Facebook released the stable coin Libra , the criticism has not yet subsided. People have reservations about the technical fields and financial supervision it involves, and they are severely responsible for its privacy leakage. Members of the US Senate and House of Representatives believe that " Libra may leak users' privacy, which is worrying." A large number of ordinary users also said: "We don't trust you."
If the anonymity and privacy of the blockchain itself cannot be fully utilized, who should we trust?
·Better privacy protection
Based on the basic properties of the blockchain, boldly innovate, supported by the private computing network, and provide the next-generation Internet basic protocol public chain NA (Nirvana) Chain with "computing interoperability" as the core seems to give us another possibility. Today, when people place so much importance on personal information, NA (Nirvana) Chain has also carried out its subversive research around key technologies such as blockchain information encryption as a data privacy protection solution.
If users who own digital currency assets only want to save coins, they usually choose to store them in a "cold wallet", which is not connected to the Internet. If you are a user who often uses the bricks, you will choose to store it in the "hot wallet", which is convenient for transactions anytime, anywhere. NA (Nirvana) Chain integrates the storage methods of "cold chain" and "hot chain" for the first time. Users use private keys to privatize data on the chain, and no one else has the right to view it privately.
In addition, users can also authorize the data that needs to be disclosed to data providers from all over the country in the system, and provide personalized services for users in need. The income generated by this part of data will also be returned to the account of the user who provided the data. And have the right to stop authorization at any time. From beginning to end, users have a firm grasp of their own data and all the value generated by the data, and have gained control in an absolute sense.
AWS provides services for more than 25% of the world 's applications on Ethereum, and the platform can easily collect user data. Try to decentralize as much as possible. This is the current stage and common problem of blockchain. If users want to enjoy the services provided by the platform, they inevitably surrender their privacy. It seems that there is a choice, but in fact there is no.
NA (Nirvana) Chain provides users with a low-threshold approach to decentralization. Users can easily, efficiently and cost-effectively master their own data. This is a great step towards a decentralized world. NA (Nirvana) Chain has established a more convenient The channel allows more people to use it to move towards a clearer era of data confirmation.
·Explore the new frontier of private computing
With a future-oriented computing service architecture and building a digital public infrastructure, we can compare the image of NA (Nirvana) Chain to the “operator” of service provision, from verifiable computing, private computing, scalable construction, and professional distribution. Based on a modern network architecture, we are committed to creating a new generation of celebrity public chains with full privacy.
·Zero knowledge proof interpretation
Zero-knowledge proof is a privacy protection technology that can achieve the strongest anonymity in the blockchain. It is a kind of prover that can convince the verifier that a certain statement is correct, and this proof process does not reveal any useful information. However, because its performance parameters include complex interactive proof rounds, proof data length, generation time, and verification time, it cannot achieve high utilization in actual use.
NA (Nirvana) Chain突破制约，提出采用零知识证明 Zk-SNARK，并在此基础上进行了一系列的创新及改进。根据跨链交易的特殊性，以已经实现的跨链技术（异构复合链）提出新的跨链交易隐私保护方法，既能够实现跨链又能保障跨链资产的安全性和隐私性的解决方案，充分提高了隐私和加密货币的可交互性的同时，做到加密整个区块链。
作为新功链技术代表，NA (Nirvana) Chain在隐私方面大刀阔斧，已经实现了与比特币相媲美的成熟技术，即在没有第三方的参与前提下，也能通过公共区块链随时读取用户信息以实现审计。
NA (Nirvana) Chain的隐私侧链同时对输入和输出数据以及网络状态进行加密。在交易层面，NA (Nirvana) Chain赋予用户和数字货币同等的权利，数字货币所有用户的交易记录都将是独立于交易个人，而用户所有的交易记录及相关信息也仅供个人查看。与此同时，充分的匿名性之下，智能合约保证系统内每笔交易的真实和顺利，敏感数据和应用程序可以安全地在开放的公链环境中运行。
·公链隐私赛道之星
NA (Nirvana) Chain成功实现了身份隐秘、绝对匿名性的技术壁垒，但当前区块链体量庞大，在涉及安全和多方计算下势必导致算法本身和平台之间运行效率低下。NA (Nirvana) Chain以自身强大技术背景为依托，同时通过首次融合的跨链协议为参与建设的用户以及开发者提供隐私计算、保密智能合约、DeFi和数据服务等应用。
这是一次冒险的实验，但可喜的是，NA (Nirvana) Chain获得了史无前例的成功。跨链协议在测试网络中现已支持隐私环境下的交易转账、一键发布隐私资产等功能，主网上线后可实现每秒数百笔的隐私交易，同时还可降低每笔隐私交易的成本。未来的生态布局充满想象，可以成为具有可组合性和互操作性的机密智能合约网络。
“反复地推断，无休止地修正，就能在科学上取得勿容置疑的进步。”NA (Nirvana) Chain区别于现存区块链的另一亮点在于推出了「零知识票据」系统来追踪隐匿的资产，这是基于零知识证明之上的绝美升华。系统票据（包括票据的所有者）将公开在网络上，但除非你是该票据的主人，否则无从知晓每条票据中的金额。
NA (Nirvana) Chain致力实现可交互的技术网络，首次将Zk-SNARK的二层隐私技术结合Optimistic rollup，支持低成本的二层网络内进行私人转移和原子交换。经过不断的测试迭代升级后，NA (Nirvana) Chain这项独特技术可以广泛的应用于收藏片以及拍卖品之上，用户可以在不透露任何公共账户地址的情况下在私人账户存入或提取NAC。
Zk-SNARK的二层隐私技术结合Optimistic rollup工作图
At the same time, based on the NA (Nirvana) Chain, anyone can construct private contracts and private transactions. Both allow to specify which nodes in the network can access and execute the contract, and other nodes cannot see the code or data of the contract. , Nor can it be queried or executed, and the transaction is only visible to authorized participants.
Embrace a private and transparent world for DeFi confirmation
Based on the basic properties of the blockchain, boldly innovate, supported by the privacy computing network, and provide the next-generation Internet basic protocol public chain NA (Nirvana) Chain mining docking with "computing interoperability" as the core. It seems that 136..22951 Gives us another possibility. Today, when people place so much importance on personal information, NA (Nirvana) Chain has also carried out its subversive research around key technologies such as blockchain information encryption as a data privacy protection solution.
If users who own digital currency assets only want to save coins, they usually choose to store them in a "cold wallet", which is not connected to the Internet. If you are a user who often uses the bricks, you will choose to store it in the "hot wallet", which is convenient for transactions anytime, anywhere. NA (Nirvana) Chain integrates the storage methods of "cold chain" and "hot chain" for the first time. Users use private keys to privatize data on the chain, and no one else has the right to view it privately.
In addition, users can also authorize the data that needs to be disclosed to data providers from all over the country in the system, and provide personalized services for users in need. The income generated by this part of data will also be returned to the account of the user who provided the data. And have the right to stop authorization at any time. From beginning to end, users have a firm grasp of their own data and all the value generated by the data, and have gained control in an absolute sense.