1. Shut down Centos, choose to edit virtual machine settings, hard disk, select "Extend" in the utility and
click on the extension, VMware will prompt that the disk has been successfully extended. You must repartition the disk and extend the file system from within the guest operating system. In other words, the expanded disk space here is not yet available in the operating system and has not yet taken effect. It can only be used after setting in the operating system.
2. Start the guest operating system Centos, check the disk situation and
enter the instruction
[root@dw ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b0b8a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 83886079 40893440 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 37.7 GB, 37706792960 bytes, 73646080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Among them, you can see that the current partition situation is as follows
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 83886079 40893440 8e Linux LVM
3. Create partition sda3
input command
[root@dw ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Then create a partition according to the command prompt, see the note following # for details
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n # 输入 n 表示创建新分区
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3 # 输入 3 表示sda3，因为前面已经有两个了
First sector (83886080-209715199, default 83886080): # 回车，按默认值
Using default value 83886080
Last sector, +sectors or +size{
K,M,G} (83886080-209715199, default 209715199): # 回车，按默认值
Using default value 209715199
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 60 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w # 输入 w 保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
Check the partition again
[root@dw ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b0b8a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 83886079 40893440 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 83886080 209715199 62914560 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 37.7 GB, 37706792960 bytes, 73646080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Among them, the partition has been changed to 3, but this time it has not been mounted and cannot be used yet
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 83886079 40893440 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 83886080 209715199 62914560 83 Linux
4. Restart the operating system
[root@dw ~]# reboot
5. Format the new partition as ext3
Input command
[root@dw ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda3
The result is
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
3932160 inodes, 15728640 blocks
786432 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
480 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
6. Initialize the physical hard disk partition as a physical volume so that it can be used by LVM, enter the instruction
[root@dw ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root centos -wi-ao---- <35.12g
swap centos -wi-ao---- <3.88g
[root@dw ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: ext3 signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ext3 signature on /dev/sda3.
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
7. Add physical volumes to the volume group to increase the capacity of the volume group
View the lvm group name, enter the command df -h
[root@dw ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 36G 18G 18G 49% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 149M 866M 15% /boot
tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
Among them, centos-root is the name of the group where the root is located
Enter instructions to increase the capacity of the volume group
[root@dw ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
8. Check the size of the expandable space
Enter the command to display the metadata information of the LNM volume group
[root@dw ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 98.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25342
Alloc PE / Size 9982 / 38.99 GiB
Free PE / Size 15360 / 60.00 GiB
VG UUID zJfuos-4OrR-b2OS-g589-oj2P-Jhqe-laP5QC
Among them, Free PE / Size is the free space available for allocation, up to 60.00G, input less than this value during expansion
9, expand disk space
[root@dw ~]# lvextend -L+58G /dev/mapper/centos-root /dev/sda3
Prompt expansion success
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <35.12 GiB (8990 extents) to <93.12 GiB (23838 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
10. Use the e2fsck command to check file system errors
[root@dw ~]# e2fsck -a /dev/mapper/centos-root
/dev/mapper/centos-root is mounted.
e2fsck: Cannot continue, aborting.
11. File expansion in xfs format needs to use the xfs_growfs command to increase or shrink the size of the unloaded "ext2/ext3" file system
[root@dw ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 94G 18G 76G 19% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 149M 866M 15% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
[root@dw ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=2301440 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=9205760, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=4495, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 9205760 to 24410112
12. View the results after expanding the space
[root@dw ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 94G 18G 76G 19% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 149M 866M 15% /boot
tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
As you can see, the disk space in the root directory has been expanded, and you're done!