Linux operation and maintenance --- configure MySQL master-slave server

As the number of visits continues to increase, the pressure on Mysql database continues to increase, and MySQL needs to be optimized and restructured. It can be optimized using high availability, master-slave replication, read-write separation, split database, and split table.

hostname	IP address
Master	192.168.203.224
Slave	192.168.203.223

MySQL master-slave configuration

Install MySQL

[root@master ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf libtool-ltdl-devel gd-devel freetype-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel curl-devel bison patch unzip libmcrypt-devel libmhash-devel ncurses-devel sudo bzip2 flex libaio libaio-devel
[root@master ~]# wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.11.2.tar.gz
[root@master ~]# tar -xf cmake-2.8.11.2.tar.gz 
[root@master ~]# cd cmake-2.8.11.2/
[root@master ~]# ./configure
[root@master ~]# make && make install
[root@master ~]# id mysql
uid=27(mysql) gid=27(mysql) groups=27(mysql)
[root@master ~]# 
[root@master ~]# wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.19.tar.gz
[root@master ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.6.19.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@master ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql-5.6.19/
[root@master mysql-5.6.19]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/var -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc
[root@master mysql-5.6.19]# make && make install
[root@master mysql-5.6.19]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/var
[root@master mysql-5.6.19]# chown -Rf mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@master mysql-5.6.19]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
[root@master mysql-5.6.19]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@master mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/var
[root@master mysql]# ln -s my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@master mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@master mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@master mysql]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
  46 basedir=/usr/local/mysql
  47 datadir=/usr/local/mysql/var
[root@master mysql]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL..... SUCCESS! 
[root@master mysql]# vim /etc/profile
  export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@master mysql]# source /etc/profile

Initialize the MySQL database

[root@master mysql]# mysql_secure_installation    
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Thanks for using MySQL!

Cleaning up...
[root@master mysql]#

Modify the /etc/my.cnf configuration file on the Master server

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
user=mysql
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1
auto_increment_offset=1
auto_increment_increment=2

# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
replicate-do-db=all

include all files from the config directory
                           

Modify the /etc/my.cnf configuration file on the slave server

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep -v "^#"
[mysqld]
user=mysql
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=2
auto_increment_offset=2
auto_increment_increment=2

# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
master-host=192.168.203.224
master-user=chd
master-pass=123456
master-port=3306
master-connect-retry=60
replicate-do-db=all
​
include all files from the config directory

Restart the master-slave MySQL database

[root@master ~]# service mysqld restart    重启MySQL数据库
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
[root@master ~]#

[root@slave ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
[root@slave ~]# 

Execute the following commands in the Master database:

[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.19 Source distribution
​
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
​
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
​
MySQL [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'chd'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
​
MySQL [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      120 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
​
MySQL [(none)]> quit
Bye

Specify the Master IP and the synchronized pos point in the slave database:

[root@slave mysql]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.19-log Source distribution
​
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
​
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
​
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
​
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.203.224',master_user='chd',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.16 sec)
​
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
​
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.203.224
                  Master_User: chd
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
               Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000003
                Relay_Log_Pos: 529
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes   # 一个为IO线程，这里状态要为 YES
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes   # 一个为SQL线程，这里状态要为YES
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
              Relay_Log_Space: 825
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
             Master_Server_Id: 1
............省略部分内容...............
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
​
mysql>

Configure on the Master server

[root@master ~]# mysql -u root -p123456
...............省略部分内容..............
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      120 |              |                  |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
​
mysql> create database mysql_chd charset=utf8;   # 创建数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
​
mysql> show databases;   # 查看数据库
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| mysql_chd          |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
​
mysql> use mysql_chd;     # 切换数据库
Database changed
mysql> create table chuid (id varchar(20),name varchar(30));  # 创建数据表 chuid
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
​
mysql [mysql_chd]> show tables;   # 查看数据表
+---------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql_chd |
+---------------------+
|chuid                |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
​
mysql [mysql_chd]> insert into chuid values ("1","chuid");   # 在数据表chuid 中插入数据
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
​
mysql [mysql_chd]> select * from chuid;   # 查询chuid表中所有数据
+------+-------+
| id   | name  |
+------+-------+
| 1    | chuid |
+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
​
mysql [mysql_chd]>

Configure on the slave server

[root@slave ~]# mysql -u root -p123456 
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| mysql_chd          |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
​
mysql> use mysql_chd;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
​
Database changed
mysql [mysql_chd]> show tables;
+---------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql_chd |
+---------------------+
| chuid                  |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
​
mysql [mysql_chd]> select * from chuid;
+------+-------+
| id   | name  |
+------+-------+
| 1    | chuid |
+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
​
mysql [mysql_chd]> 

The database information created by the Master master server has been synchronized to the Slave slave server